ABSTRACT

The Routledge Handbook on the Sciences in Islamicate Societies provides a comprehensive survey on science in the Islamic world from the 8th to the 19th century.

Across six sections, a group of subject experts discuss and analyze scientific practices across a wide range of Islamicate societies. The authors take into consideration several contexts in which science was practiced, ranging from intellectual traditions and persuasions to institutions, such as courts, schools, hospitals, and observatories, to the materiality of scientific practices, including the arts and craftsmanship. Chapters also devote attention to scientific practices of minority communities in Muslim majority societies, and Muslim minority groups in societies outside the Islamicate world, thereby allowing readers to better understand the opportunities and constraints of scientific practices under varying local conditions.

Through replacing Islam with Islamicate societies, the book opens up ways to explain similarities and differences between diverse societies ruled by Muslim dynasties. This handbook will be an invaluable resource for both established academics and students looking for an introduction to the field. It will appeal to those involved in the study of the history of science, the history of ideas, intellectual history, social or cultural history, Islamic studies, Middle East and African studies including history, and studies of Muslim communities in Europe and South and East Asia.

chapter |11 pages

Introduction

part I|217 pages

Late antiquity, translating, and the formation of the sciences in Islamicate Polities (1st bh–7th/5th–13th centuries)

chapter I.5|16 pages

Geometry and its Branches

chapter I.6|16 pages

The Astral Sciences through the 7th/13th Century

Attitudes, experts and practices

chapter I.7|10 pages

Arithmetic and Algebra

chapter I.9|17 pages

Automata and Balances

chapter I.10|10 pages

Medicine

chapter I.12|12 pages

Alchemy and the Chemical Crafts 1

chapter I.14|14 pages

Physiognomy

Science of intuition

part II|136 pages

Scientific practices at courts, observatories and hospitals (2nd–13th/8th–19th centuries)

chapter II.3|11 pages

Imperial Demand and Support

chapter II.6|18 pages

Planetary Theory

chapter II.9|12 pages

Another Scientific Revolution

The occult sciences in theory and experimentalist practice

part III|94 pages

Learning and collecting institutions – debates and methods (3rd–13th/9th–19th centuries)

chapter III.2|16 pages

Madrasas and the Sciences

chapter III.6|17 pages

Logic

Didactics and visual representations

chapter III.7|11 pages

Medical Commentaries

part IV|92 pages

The materiality of the sciences (3rd–13th/9th–19th centuries)

chapter IV.1|11 pages

The Materiality of Scholarship

chapter IV.2|12 pages

Three-Dimensional Astronomy

Celestial globes and armillary spheres

chapter IV.3|16 pages

Projecting the Heavens

Astrolabes 1

chapter IV.4|10 pages

Medical Instruments

chapter IV.5|11 pages

Alchemical Equipment

part V|167 pages

Centers, regions, empires and the outskirts (3rd–13th/9th–19th centuries)

chapter V.1|11 pages

Mathematical Knowledge Fields in the Islamicate World

Similarities and differences

chapter V.6|12 pages

Post-Avicennan Natural Philosophy

chapter V.7|7 pages

Cool and Calming as the Rose

Pharmaceutical texts as tools of regional medical practices in early modern India

part VI|87 pages

Encounters, conflicts, changes (4th–13th/10th–19th centuries)