ABSTRACT

Liberalisms, a work first published in 1989, provides a coherent and comprehensive analytical guide to liberal thinking over the past century and considers the dominance of liberal thought in Anglo-American political philosophy over the past 20 years. John Gray assesses the work of all the major liberal political philosophers including J. S. Mill, Herbert Spencer, Karl Popper, F. A Hayek, John Rawls and Robert Nozick, and explores their mutual connections and differences.

chapter |9 pages

J.S. Mill and the future of liberalism

chapter |18 pages

The liberalism of Karl Popper

chapter |17 pages

Social contract, community and ideology

chapter |24 pages

On negative and positive liberty

chapter |20 pages

Freedom, slavery and contentment

chapter |14 pages

Hayek on liberty, rights and justice

chapter |20 pages

Indirect utility and fundamental rights

chapter |21 pages

Liberalism and the choice of liberties

chapter |22 pages

Mill's and other liberalisms

chapter |28 pages

Postscript: after liberalism