ABSTRACT

The surge of interest in cannabis-based medicinal products has put an extremely high demand on testing capabilities, particularly for contaminants such as heavy metals, which are naturally taken up through the roots of the plants from the soil, growing medium, and fertilizers but can also be negatively impacted by the grinding equipment and extraction/distillation process. Unfortunately, many state regulators do not have the necessary experience and background to fully understand all the safety and toxicological issues regarding the cultivation and production of cannabis and hemp products on the market today.

Measuring Heavy Metal Contaminants in Cannabis and Hemp offers a comprehensive guide to the entire cannabis industry for measuring elemental contaminants in cannabis and hemp. For testing labs, it describes fundamental principles and practical capabilities of ICP-MS and other AS techniques for measuring heavy metals in cannabis. For state regulators, it compares maximum contaminant limits of heavy metals with those for federally regulated pharmaceutical materials. For cultivators and processors, it helps them to better understand the many sources of heavy metals in cannabis. And for consumers of medical cannabis, it highlights the importance of choosing cannabis products that are safe to use.

Other key topics include:

  • The role of other analytical techniques for the comprehensive testing of cannabis products
  • Tips to optimize analytical procedures to ensure the highest quality data
  • Guidance on how to characterize elemental contaminants in vaping liquids and aerosols
  • Suggestions on how to reduce errors using plasma spectrochemistry
  • The role of certified reference materials to validate standard methods
  • Easy-to-read sections on instrumental hardware components, calibration and measurement protocols, typical interferences, routine maintenance, and troubleshooting procedures

Written with the cannabis testing community in mind, this book is also an invaluable resource for growers, cultivators, processors, testers, regulators, and even consumers who are interested in learning more about the potential dangers of heavy metal contaminants in cannabis and hemp.

chapter 1|24 pages

The Importance of Testing Cannabis

An Overview of the Analytical Techniques Used

chapter 4|4 pages

An Overview of ICP Mass Spectrometry

chapter 5|5 pages

Principles of Ion Formation

chapter 6|11 pages

ICP-MS Sample Introduction

chapter 7|7 pages

Plasma Source

chapter 8|7 pages

Interface Region

chapter 9|8 pages

Ion-Focusing System

chapter 10|8 pages

Mass Analyzers

Quadrupole Technology

chapter 11|8 pages

Mass Analyzers

Double-Focusing Magnetic Sector Technology

chapter 12|8 pages

Mass Analyzers

Time-of-Flight Technology

chapter 13|23 pages

Mass Analyzers

Collision/Reaction Cell and Interface Technology

chapter 14|9 pages

Ion Detectors

chapter 15|13 pages

Peak Measurement Protocol

chapter 16|9 pages

Methods of Quantitation

chapter 17|10 pages

Review of ICP-MS Interferences

chapter 18|11 pages

Routine Maintenance

chapter 19|14 pages

Sampling and Sample Preparation Techniques

chapter 26|13 pages

Atomic Absorption and Atomic Fluorescence

chapter 30|31 pages

How to Select an ICP Mass Spectrometer

Some Important Analytical Considerations

chapter 32|11 pages

Useful Contact Information