ABSTRACT

The full colour, beautifully illustrated Modern Medicines from Plants: Botanical histories of some of modern medicine’s most important drugs features information on plants from which we obtain modern prescription medicines. It outlines their historical uses as herbal medicines in the past two millennia, using primary sources, and describes how extracts from them, and their semisynthetic and synthetic derivatives, were developed to be today’s therapeutic drugs and diagnostic chemicals. This book describes medicinal plants and their habitats, the diseases that their medicines treat, and the science of how they work.

This amazing and unique book is a wonderful read for those with an interest in both herbal and prescription medicines. Written with authority by physicians and gardeners at the Garden of Medicinal Plants at the Royal College of Physicians, London, chapters detail the history and modern scientific research on plants and their medicines. It is very useful to physicians, pharmacists, herbalists, historians and gardeners, bringing together information from every discipline to make it a work of interest as well as reference.

Features

  • Written for people interested in medicinal plants, where medicines come from, and how they treat our diseases
  • Contains information on 50 plants, mostly growing in the medicinal garden of the Royal College of Physicians in London, describing how they became the source of modern pharmaceutical medicines
  • Describes medicinal uses of plants in Classical Greece as written by Dioscorides, Pliny and Galen, through the flowering of Arabic medicine by physicians such as Paulus Aegineta, Mesue and Avicenna to the 12th to 14th century compilations of Serapion and Sylvaticus and the European Renaissance of Peter Treveris, William Turner, Leonard Fuchs, Pietro Mattioli, John Gerarde, John Parkinson, Nicholas Culpeper, and many others to the pharmacopoeias of the 16th century to the present day
  • Fully referenced including a glossary for explanation of technical terms

chapter Chapter 1|10 pages

Ammi majus

The source of 8-methoxypsoralen (methoxsalen)

chapter Chapter 2|6 pages

Artemisia annua

Thesource of artemisinin

chapter Chapter 3|14 pages

Atropa belladonna Datura stramonium

And other plants containing antimuscarinic tropane alkaloids

chapter Chapter 4|6 pages

Betula pendula

The source of β-sitosterol

chapter Chapter 5|12 pages

Camellia sinensis Coffea arabica Theobroma cacao

Caffeine-containing plants – the source of many useful medicines

chapter Chapter 6|6 pages

Camptotheca acuminata

The source of the anti-cancer drugs, camptothecin, topotecan and irinotecan

chapter Chapter 7|8 pages

Capsicum annuum

The source of capsaicin

chapter Chapter 8|6 pages

Catharanthus roseus

The source of vincristine and vinblastine

chapter Chapter 9|4 pages

Cephalotaxus harringtonia

The source of harringtonine, homoharringtonine (omacetaxine) and cephalotaxine

chapter Chapter 10|6 pages

Chondrodendron tomentosum

The source of tubocurarine

chapter Chapter 11|10 pages

Cinchona

The source of quinine and quinidine

chapter Chapter 12|10 pages

Citrus x limon

A source of vitamin C

chapter Chapter 13|7 pages

Colchicum autumnale

The source of colchicine

chapter Chapter 14|9 pages

Digitalis purpurea The source of digitoxin

Digitalis lanata The source of digoxin

chapter Chapter 15|8 pages

Dioscorea polystachya Glycine max

The sources of diosgenin from which steroids were synthesised

chapter Chapter 16|7 pages

Ephedra sinica

The source of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and amphetamines

chapter Chapter 17|7 pages

Erythroxylum coca

The source of cocaine

chapter Chapter 18|8 pages

Euphorbia peplus

The source of ingenol mebutate

chapter Chapter 19|6 pages

Galanthus nivalis

The source of galanthamine/galantamine

chapter Chapter 20|10 pages

Galega officinalis

The source of metformin

chapter Chapter 21|5 pages

Glycyrrhiza glabra

The source of carbenoxolone

chapter Chapter 22|6 pages

Guaiacum officinale

Roughbark lignum-vitae, guaiacwood – reducing deaths from bowel cancer

chapter Chapter 23|9 pages

Arjun Devanesan

The source of lidocaine

chapter Chapter 24|5 pages

Hordeum vulgare Claviceps purpurea

The source of ergometrine and ergotamine

chapter Chapter 25|6 pages

Hydrangea febrifuga

The source of halofuginone

chapter Chapter 26|6 pages

Illicium anisatum and I. verum

The source of oseltamivir

chapter Chapter 27|6 pages

Inula helenium

The source of inulin

chapter Chapter 28|6 pages

Melilotus officinalis

The source of dicoumarol which gave rise to warfarin

chapter Chapter 29|4 pages

Morus alba

The source of miglustat, migalastat and miglitol

chapter Chapter 30|14 pages

Nicotiana tabacum

Source of nicotine as an aid to stopping smoking, with a note on Lobelia, and Laburnum anagyroides

chapter |4 pages

Lobelia and Laburnum

Lobelia spp. the source of lobeline, and Laburnum anagyroides the source of cytisine, to aid smoking cessation

chapter Chapter 31|6 pages

Papaver rhoeas

The source of rhoeadine, thebaine and powerful opioids, with a note on other Papaveraceae

chapter Chapter 32|8 pages

Papaver somniferum

The source of morphine, codeine, noscapine, protopine, papaverine and verapamil

chapter Chapter 33|6 pages

Physostigma venenosum

The source of physostigmine and the basis for the synthetic analogue neostigmine

chapter Chapter 34|3 pages

Pilocarpus microphyllus

The source of the drug pilocarpine

chapter Chapter 35|8 pages

Podophyllum peltatum Podophyllum hexandrum

The source of podophyllotoxin, etoposide and teniposide

chapter Chapter 36|7 pages

Rauvolfia serpentina Rauvolfia vomitoria

The source of reserpine, ajmaline and ajmalicine

chapter Chapter 37|13 pages

Salix alba

The source of salicylic acid Filipendula ulmaria The source of aspirin Gaultheria procumbens The source of methyl salicylate

chapter Chapter 38|6 pages

Silybum marianum

The source of silymarin and Legalon-SIL

chapter Chapter 39|8 pages

Tanacetum cinerariifolium

The source of pyrethrins for pesticides

chapter Chapter 40|8 pages

Taxus baccata and Taxus brevifolia

The source of paclitaxel, docetaxel and cabazitaxel

chapter Chapter 41|6 pages

Valeriana officinalis

The source of sodium valproate

chapter Chapter 42|8 pages

Veratrum album Veratrum californicum Veratrum nigrum

The sources of protoveratrine, cyclopamine and sonidegib

chapter Chapter 43|7 pages

Visnaga daucoides

The source of nifedipine, amiodarone, sodium cromoglicate

chapter Chapter 44|9 pages

Excipients and solvents

The plant sources of excipients and solvents

chapter Chapter 45|17 pages

Vitamins

The plant sources of vitamins