ABSTRACT
Anemones and fish, ants and acacia trees, fungus and trees, buffaloes and oxpeckers--each of these unlikely duos is an inimitable partnership in which the species' coexistence is mutually beneficial. More specifically, they represent examples of defensive mutualism, when one species receives protection against predators or parasites in exchange for
TABLE OF CONTENTS
part |2 pages
Part I: Overview of Mutualistic Associations and Defense
part |2 pages
Part II: Prokaryotic Defensive Symbionts
part |2 pages
Part III: Eukaryotic Defensive Symbionts
part |2 pages
Part IV: Fungal Endophyte as Moel System to Understand Defensive Mutualism