ABSTRACT
Building Construction Handbook summarises all elements of building construction practice, techniques, components and procedures. Information is presented concisely, in a highly illustrated and accessible style.
This is an essential text for all building construction students up to, and including, undergraduate level. It is an ideal resource for a wide range of courses including: BTEC National, HNC/HND, and Level 3/4 NVQs. The comprehensive coverage and numerous references to the latest Building Regulations, Water Supply Regulations, British and European Standards also makes this book an invaluable reference tool for construction professionals.
The fifth edition consolidates recent amendments to the Building Regulations, including: Part A – Structure; Part C - Site preparation and resistance to moisture; Part E - Resistance to the passage of sound; Part L - Conservation of fuel and power; and Part M - Access to and use of buildings. The new edition also addresses the new governmental requirements for property sellers' information packs, including property condition surveys, structural defects and remedial measures. Reference to supplementary regulations and standards are provided for further reading and new online lecture resources feature essential illustrations for use with presentations and handouts.
Roger Greeno is a well-known author of construction texts. He has extensive practical and consultancy experience in the industry, in addition to lecturing at Guildford College and the University of Portsmouth. He also examines for City & Guilds, Edexcel and the Chartered Institute of Building.
Roy Chudley’s books on Building Construction have helped many thousands of students gain their qualifications and pass exams. He was formerly a Senior Lecturer at Guildford College.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
chapter |1 pages
Lattice jib crane, 168 Metal stairs, 607–9 Leader – piling rig, 217 Meter box, 681–3, 690–1 Lean-to roof, 431 Methane, 327 Lens light, 488 Method statement, 32 Levelling, 112–4 Micro-bore heating, 679 Lift casting, 235 Middle shore, 138 Lighting: Middle third rule, 228 cable, 687 Mineral insulating cable, 685 circuits, 688–9 Miniature circuit breaker, 683–4 sites, 88–90 Mixing concrete, 177 Lightweight decking, 476 Mobile cranes, 165 Lightweight infill panels, 493, 495–6 Mobile scaffold, 129 Lintels, 332, 335–8 Modular coordination, 45–6 Litzka beam, 405 Modular ratio, 383 Load-bearing concrete panels, 502 Mohr’s circle, 80 Load-bearing partitions, 548 Moment of resistance, 143, 411 Load-bearing internal walls, 541, Monitor roof, 471, 473 543–5 Monogroup cable, 397 Locating services, 108 Monolithic caissons, 269 Loft hatch, 529 Monostrand anchorage, 400 Long span roofs, 471–6 Monostrand cable, 397 Loop ties, 236 Mortar strength, 330 Lorries, 159 Morticing machine, 628 Lorry mounted cranes, 167–8 Movement joint, 119, 492, 547, 604 Low emissivity glass, 355 Mud-rotary drilling, 73 Luffing jib, 171 Multi-purpose excavators, 154, 158 Multi-span portal frames, 416, 418 Maguire’s rule, 659 Multi-stage wellpoints, 283 Mahogany, 632 Multi-storey structures, 424–5 Main beams, 8, 17, 408 Mandrel, 221 Needle and pile underpinning, 275 Manometer, 658, 676 Needle design, 142–3 Mansard roof, 429, 435 Needles, 136–41 Masonry partitions, 548 Newel post, 588, 591–4, 596–7 Mass concrete retaining wall, 232 NHBC, 28 Mass retaining walls, 231–2 Non-load-bearing partitions, 541–4, Mast cranes, 171 548–52 Mastic asphalt tanking, 251–2 Northlight barrel vault, 481 Mastic asphalt to flat roofs, 456 Northlight roofs, 471–2 Materials: conductivity, 510–1 Oak, 632 density, 35, 510–1 Oedometer, 81 hoist, 162 Oil based paint, 624 storage, 94–9 One hour fire door, 616 testing, 100–6 One pipe heating, 677 weights, 34–5 Open caissons, 269
Lateral restraint, 460, 571, 573–4 Mechanical auger, 72 Lateral support – basements, 248 Meeting rails, 345–6 Lateral support – walls, 434, 460, 573 Meeting stiles, 347, 618 Lattice beam, 406, 423, 473–4 Metal casement windows, 343 Lattice girder, 406 Metal section decking, 377
chapter 533|1 pages
–4, 619 Plasterboard dry lining, 555–7 Quarter sawn timber, 420 Plasters, 553 Quetta bond, 237 Platform floor, 534 Platform frame, 372 Radiators, 677–80 Plinths, 312 Radius of gyration, 414 Plug wiring, 687 Radon, 327 Plywood, 633 Raft basements, 246 Pneumatic caisson, 270 Raft foundations, 203, 207 Poker vibrator, 182 Rail tracks for cranes, 175 Poling boards, 260 Rainscreen cladding, 493, 497 Polyurethane paint, 624 Rainwater drainage, 649 Portal frames, 415–8, 421 Rainwater installations, 647–8 Portsmouth float valve, 667 Raised access floor, 587 Post-tensioned retaining wall, 238 Raking shore, 138, 141 Post-tensioning, 238, 399–400 Raking struts, 139–40, 244 Power circuit, 688 Rankine’s formula, 240 Power float, 183 Rat trap bond, 306 Precast concrete: Ready mixed concrete, 266 diaphragm wall, 287 Ready mixed concrete truck, 180 floors, 564, 584–6 Redwood, 631 frames, 392–5 Reinforced concrete: portal frames, 416 beams, 378–80 stairs, 603–6 column design, 383–4 Preformed concrete pile, 217–8 columns, 382–4 Preservative treatment, 422, 462, 464 floors, 579–82 Pressed steel lintels, 335 formwork, 376, 387–91, 602 Pressure bulbs, 69–70 foundations, 201–3 Prestressed concrete, 396–402 pile caps and beams, 226 Pretensioning, 398 raft foundation, 203, 207 Primary elements, 13 reinforcement, 376–86 Primatic cylinder, 669 retaining walls, 233 Principal contractor, 48 slabs, 374–6 Profile boards, 110–1 stairs, 599–602 Profiled surface, 122, 505, 536 strip foundations, 201, 205 Programme of work, 33 Reinforced masonry, 237–8, 308 Programmer/controller, 680 Reinforcement: Prop design, 143 bar coding, 385 Proportional area method, 513, 515 bar schedule, 386 Propped structures, 424 grip length, 381 Protection orders, 107 Remedial dpc, 322–4 Public utility services, 108 Remote crane control, 173 Published Document, 57 Rendhex box pile, 219 Pump sizing, 280 Replacement piling, 209–10 Purlin fixings, 468 Residual current device, 684 Purlin roof, 432 Resin grout, 288
transport vehicles, 159–61 Purpose designed excavators, 154 Plaster cove, 557, 661 Purpose made joinery, 628 Plaster finish, 554 Putlog scaffold, 125 Plasterboard, 510, 555–8 Putty, 352 Plasterboard ceiling, 438, 444–5, 515, Pynford stool underpinning, 276
chapter |1 pages
Reversing drum mixer, 179 trussed rafter, 434 Ribbed floor, 581–3 trusses, 433, 465 Rider, 141 underlay, 436 Ridge detail, 438–9, 444–5 ventilation, 457–9 Ridge piece, 468–9 Rooflights, 486–9 Ridge roll, 450 Room sealed appliance, 692 Ridge tiles, 438–9, 441, 444–5 Rotary bored piling, 210, 213–4 Ridge vent, 438, 444, 457–8 Rotational dome, 10, 478 Rigid pavings, 118 Rubble chutes and skips, 164 Rigid portal frames, 415–6, 418 Runners, 260 Ring main wiring, 688 Roads: Saddle vault, 482 construction, 116–9 Safe bearing, 198–9, 578 drainage, 645–6 Safety signs, 49–50, 123 earthworks, 117 Sampling shells, 72 edgings, 121 Sand bulking test, 101 footpaths, 120 Sand compaction, 292 forms, 118 Sand pugging, 534 gullies, 644–6 Sanitary fittings: joints, 119 basin, 671 kerbs, 121 bath, 672 landscaping, 123 discharge systems, 674–5 pavings, 122 shower, 672 services, 123 sink, 671 setting out, 116 WC pan, 673 signs, 123 Sanitation systems, 674–6 Rolled steel joist, 403 Sanitation system testing, 676 Roll over crane skip, 177 Sapele, 632 Roller shutters, 366, 369 Sash weights, 345 Roofs and roof covering: Saws, 628 basic forms, 427–9 Scaffolding: built-up felt, 452–3 birdcage, 131 flat top girder, 471, 474 boards, 125–7 long span, 471–6 cantilever, 133 mastic asphalt, 456 component parts, 124 monitor, 471, 473 gantry, 135 northlight, 471–2 independent, 126 performance, 426 ladders, 125–6, 129 sheet coverings, 467–70 mobile, 129 shells, 477–85 patent, 130 slating, 445–9 putlog, 125 space deck, 476 slung, 131 space frame, 477 suspended, 132 surface water removal, 642–3, truss-out, 134 647–8 tying-in, 128 thatching, 450 working platform, 127
Resorcinol formaldehyde, 422, 633 thermal insulation, 515, 517–8, Restraint straps, 460, 571, 573 521–4 Retaining walls, 227–41 tiling, 437–8, 441–5 Retaining walls – design, 240–1 timber flat, 427, 451–6 Retro-ties and studs, 574 timber pitched, 428–35
chapter |1 pages
Secondary glazing, 354 Site: Section factor, 410 construction activities, 19 Section modulus, 143, 411 electrical supply, 91 SEDBUK, 517, 520 health and welfare, 93 Segmental arch, 333 investigations, 66, 68, 290 Self propelled crane, 166 layout, 82–4 Self supporting static crane, 172–3 lighting, 88–90 Services fire stops and seals, 694 materials testing, 100–6 Setting out: offices, 83–4, 92, 97 angles, 115 plan, 27, 40 bases, 111 security, 83, 85 basic outline, 109 setting out, 109–15 drainage, 657 soil investigations, 67–73 grids, 111 storage, 94–9 levelling, 113–4 Six wheeled grader, 152 reduced levels, 112 Sketches, 22 roads, 116 Skimmer, 154 theodolite, 111, 115 Skips, 164 trenches, 110 Slates and slating, 445–9 Shear, 378, 412, 578 Slenderness ratio, 143, 331 Shear bars, 378 Sliding doors, 366–8 Shear box, 81 Sliding sash windows, 345–7 Shear leg rig, 72–3, 211 Slump test, 103 Shear plate connector, 475 Slung scaffold, 131 Shear strength of soils, 80–1 Small diameter piled foundation, Shear wall structures, 425 210–3 Sheathed cables, 685 Smoke seal, 617 Sheet coverings, 467–70 Smoke test, 676 Shell roofs, 477–85 Soakaway, 649 Shoring, 136–43 Soakers, 442, 448, 700 Short bored pile foundation, 202 Socket outlets, 687–8 Shower, 672 Softwoods, 631 Shutters, 369 Soil: Sight rails, 111–2, 116, 657 assessment, 75–81 Sills, 337–8, 341–3 classification, 75–7, 198 Silt test for sand, 102 improvement, 290–4 Simple drainage: investigation, 67–73, 290 bedding, 657 particle size, 75 inspection chambers, 650–6 samples, 68 jointing, 657 stabilization, 290–4 roads, 645–6 testing, 75–81 setting out, 657 Solid block walls, 314 systems, 650–3 Solid brick walls, 302 Simply supported RC slabs, 374–6 Solid slab raft, 207 Single acting hammer, 224 Sound insulating: Single barrel vault, 479 floors, 533–4
Scarf joint, 419 Single flying shore, 139 Scrapers, 151 Single lap tiles and tiling, 443–4 Screed, 556–9 Single span portal frames, 415–6, 418 Secondary beams, 8, 17, 408 Single stack drainage, 674 Secondary elements, 14 Sink, 671
chapter |1 pages
Spindle moulder, 628 Strip foundations, 194, 197–9 Spine beam stairs, 605 Stripboard, 633 Splice joint, 418 Structural grid, 45 Splicing collar, 217–8 Structure: Split barrel sampler, 77 basic forms, 8–11 Split load consumer unit, 684 basic types, 6–7 Split ring connector, 475 functions, 16–17 Stack bond, 308 protection orders, 107 Stairs: Strutting of floors, 572 alternating tread, 595 Stud partitions, 549–50 balusters, 588–9, 591–4, 597, 600–1 Subsoil: balustrade, 14, 600–1, 606–10 drainage, 640–1 formwork, 602 movements, 188–91 handrail, 588–9, 591, 593, 595–7, water, 279 600–1, 606–8, 610 Substructure, 12 insitu RC, 598–602 Sump pumping, 280 metal, 607–9 Supply and storage of concrete, 177 open riser, 593–4 Supported static tower crane, 171, 174 precast concrete, 603–6 Surcharging, 290 timber, 588–97 Surface water, 279, 639, 642–6 Standard Assessment Procedure, 516 Surface water removal, 642–4 Standard dumper, 160 Survey: Standard crane skip, 177 defects, 28–31, 192 Steel: site, 65–6, 68, 290, 295 beam, 403–4 structure, 28–31 beam design, 411–3 thermographic, 524 column, 403–4 Suspended ceilings, 620–3 column design, 414 Suspended scaffold, 132 compound sections, 404 Suspended structures, 424 gantry girder, 404 Swivel skip dumper, 160 lattice beams, 406 portal frames, 418 Tactile pavings, 122 roof trusses, 465–6 Tamping board vibrator, 182 screw pile, 219 Target U value, 516, 519–20, 528 sheet piling, 267–8 Teak, 632 standard sections, 403 Telephone installation, 704–5 string stairs, 609 Telescopic boom forklift truck, 161 tube pile, 220 Telescopic crane, 167 Stepped barrel vault, 481 Temporary bench mark, 109, 111–3 Stepped flashing, 442, 700 Temporary exclusion of water, 279–83 Stepped foundation, 200 Temporary services, 83 Stock holding policy, 97 Tendons, 397 Stop valve, 667–8 Tenoning machine, 628 Storage of materials, 84, 93, 99 Test cubes, 103 Storey height cladding, 504 Testing of materials, 100–6 Straight flight stairs, 588–92 Textured surfaces, 505
walls, 531–2 Straight line costing, 148 Sound insulation, 530–4 Straight mast forklift truck, 161 Sound reduction, 353, 530 Strand, 397 Space deck, 11, 476 Stress reduction in walls, 331 Space frame, 11, 477 String beam stair, 598
chapter |1 pages
Thermal insulation, 507–25 Trial pits, 67, 71 Thermal resistance, 507–9, 513, 515 Triangle of forces, 228 Thin grouted membranes, 284 Triangular chart, 76 Thinners, 624 Triaxial compression test, 80 Three axle scraper, 151 Tripod rig, 72–3, 211 Three centre arch, 333 Truss out scaffold, 134 Three pin portal frame, 415 Trussed rafter roof, 434 Tile hanging, 490 Tubular scaffolding, 124–35 Tilting drum mixer, 178–9 Two axle scraper, 151 Tilting level, 113 Two pin portal frame, 415 Timber: Two pipe heating, 678 beam design, 576–8 Tying-in scaffolding, 128 casement windows, 341–2 connectors, 433, 475 U value calculations, 507–8, 512–5 doors, 361–3, 367–8 U values, 355, 470, 507–8, 512–5 flat roofs, 451–6 Unconfined compression test, 79 frame construction, 372–3 Undercoat, 625 girders, 474 Underlay, 436, 438–42, 444–6, 448–9 hardwoods, 632 Underpinning, 271–8 joinery production, 628–32 Under-reaming, 214 pile foundation, 216 Undersill cladding panels, 503 pitched roofs, 430–50 Universal beam, 403 preservation, 461–2, 464 Universal bearing pile, 219 softwoods, 631 Universal column, 403 stairs, 588–97 Universal excavator, 154 storage, 99 Urea formaldehyde, 422, 635 stud partition, 549 trestle, 220 Vacuum dewatering, 568 Timbering, 258–60 Valley beam, 472 Tooled surface, 505 Valley gutter, 472 Toothed plate connector, 433, 474–5 Valley tiles, 437, 441 Top shore, 138, 141 Vane test, 78 Towed scraper, 151 Vans, 159 Tower cranes, 90, 165, 172–5 Vapour control layer, 455, 457, 470, Tower scaffold, 129 473, 558, 619 Track mounted crane, 175 Vaults, 479–81 Tractor shovel, 153 Ventilated stack discharge system, 675 Traditional strip foundation, 194 Ventilation of roof space, 436, Traditional underpinning, 273 438–40, 444–5, 452–3, 457–9 Translational dome, 10, 478 Ventilation spacer, 438, 444–5 Translucent glass, 351 Verge details, 442, 453 Transport vehicles, 159 Vertical casting, 506 Transporting concrete, 180 Vertical laminations, 420 Traveller, 110–2, 657 Vestibule frame, 357 Travelling tower crane, 172, 175 Vibrating tamping beam, 182 Tree protection, 97, 107, 191 Vibration of soil, 290–2
Thatched roof, 450 Trees – foundation damage, 189–90 Theodolite, 109, 115 Tremie pipe, 212, 286 Thermal break, 356 Trench fill foundation, 205 Thermal bridging, 527–8 Trench setting out, 110 Thermal conductivity, 508, 510–3, 515 Trench sheeting, 267–8
