ABSTRACT

What enables women to hold firm in their beliefs in the face of long years of hostile persecution by the Communist party/state? How do women withstand daily discrimination and prolonged hardship under a Communist regime which held rejection of religious beliefs and practices as a patriotic duty? Through the use of archival and ethnographic sources and of rich life testimonies, this book provides a rare glimpse into how women came to find solace and happiness in the flourishing, female-dominated traditions of local Islamic women’s mosques, Daoist nunneries and Catholic convents in China. These women passionately – often against unimaginable odds – defended sites of prayer, education and congregation as their spiritual home and their promise of heaven, but also as their rightful claim to equal entitlements with men.

chapter |8 pages

Introduction 1

part 1|75 pages

Late Imperial and Republican China

chapter 4|20 pages

The Jiuku Miao in Kaifeng

Diverse Memories of a Women's Daoist Temple

part 2|69 pages

Republican China

chapter 6|23 pages

Contesting Female Space in Changing Times

The Catholic Providence Sisters and Chinese Catechists

part 3|63 pages

Communist China, and Beyond

chapter 10|18 pages

The Zhengzhou Beida Women's Mosque

Tradition, Modernity and Identity

chapter 11|20 pages

The Jiuku Miao

From Marginality to Legitimacy

chapter 12|18 pages

Being Female, Being Celibate, Being Catholic

chapter 3|5 pages

Conclusion

Women, Religion and Space: Freedom, Dependency and Inter-Dependence