ABSTRACT
This three-volume work offers a comprehensive review of the pivotal concepts, measures, theories, and practices that comprise criminology and criminal justice.
No longer just a subtopic of sociology, criminology has become an independent academic field of study that incorporates scholarship from numerous disciplines including psychology, political science, behavioral science, law, economics, public health, family studies, social work, and many others. The three-volume Encyclopedia of Criminology presents the latest research as well as the traditional topics which reflect the field's multidisciplinary nature in a single, authoritative reference work.
More than 525 alphabetically arranged entries by the leading authorities in the discipline comprise this definitive, international resource. The pivotal concepts, measures, theories, and practices of the field are addressed with an emphasis on comparative criminology and criminal justice. While the primary focus of the work is on American criminology and contemporary criminal justice in the United States, extensive global coverage of other nations' justice systems is included, and the increasing international nature of crime is explored thoroughly.
Providing the most up-to-date scholarship in addition to the traditional theories on criminology, the Encyclopedia of Criminology is the essential one-stop reference for students and scholars alike to explore the broad expanse of this multidisciplinary field.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
part 1|658 pages
Entries A to G
letter A|81 pages
A
entry A_1|1 pages
Abductions
entry A_2|5 pages
Abortion
entry A_3|1 pages
Abuse
entry A_4|3 pages
Accident as a Defense to Criminal Liability
entry A_5|2 pages
Accomplices, Aiding, and Abetting
entry A_6|1 pages
Acid
entry A_7|3 pages
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and the Law
entry A_8|3 pages
Actus Reus (The Criminal Act)
entry A_9|2 pages
Adler, Freda
entry A_10|4 pages
Administrative Law
entry A_11|3 pages
Adultery and Fornication
entry A_12|5 pages
African Indigenous Justice System
entry A_13|7 pages
Age and the Patterning of Crime
entry A_14|2 pages
Aggravating or Mitigating Circumstances
entry A_15|5 pages
Aggression and Criminal Behavior
entry A_16|3 pages
Akers, Ronald L.
entry A_17|2 pages
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, Bureau of (ATF)
entry A_18|5 pages
Alcohol Use and Criminal Behavior
entry A_19|4 pages
Alcohol Use: Prevention and Treatment
entry A_20|4 pages
Alcohol Use: The Law
entry A_21|1 pages
Ammunitions
entry A_22|4 pages
Amphetamines
entry A_23|1 pages
Anti-Semitism
entry A_24|6 pages
Antisocial Personality Disorder and Criminal Behavior
entry A_25|4 pages
Appeals and Posttrial Motions
entry A_26|2 pages
Arraignment
entry A_27|4 pages
Arrest
entry A_28|3 pages
Arson: Extent and Correlates
entry A_29|2 pages
Arson: The Law
entry A_30|3 pages
Art Crime
entry A_31|3 pages
Assault and Battery: Extent and Correlates
entry A_32|2 pages
Assault and Battery: The Law
entry A_33|1 pages
Assembly Line Justice
entry A_34|5 pages
Asset Forfeiture
entry A_35|1 pages
Attachment Theory
entry A_36|2 pages
Attempted and Incomplete Offenses
entry A_37|1 pages
At-Risk Youth
entry A_38|1 pages
Attica
entry A_39|3 pages
Australia, Crime and Justice in
letter B|51 pages
B
entry B_1|3 pages
Babylonian Legal Traditions
entry B_2|3 pages
Bail: Reform
entry B_3|3 pages
Bail: Right to
entry B_4|1 pages
Ballistics
entry B_5|6 pages
Bank Robbery
entry B_6|2 pages
Battered Woman Defense to Criminal Liability
entry B_7|2 pages
Beccaria, Cesare
entry B_8|3 pages
Becker, Howard S.
entry B_9|3 pages
Bentham, Jeremy
entry B_10|4 pages
Biochemical Theories of Criminal Behavior
entry B_11|1 pages
Biocriminology
entry B_12|4 pages
Biological Theories of Criminal Behavior
entry B_13|1 pages
Blackmail
entry B_14|1 pages
Blood Alcohol Content
entry B_15|3 pages
Blumstein, Alfred
entry B_16|3 pages
Body-Type Theories of Criminal Behavior
entry B_17|1 pages
Bond
entry B_18|3 pages
Bonger, Willem A.
entry B_19|4 pages
Boot Camps and Shock Incarceration
entry B_20|3 pages
Braithwaite, John
entry B_21|2 pages
Bribery and Graft
entry B_22|1 pages
Bullying
entry B_23|4 pages
Burglary as an Occupation
entry B_24|4 pages
Burglary: Extent and Correlates
entry B_25|5 pages
Burglary: The Law
letter 1 C|235 pages
C
entry C_1|5 pages
Campus Crime
entry C_2|5 pages
Canada, Crime and Justice in
entry C_3|5 pages
Capital Punishment: U.S. History
entry C_4|4 pages
Capital Punishment: World History
entry C_5|1 pages
Carjacking
entry C_6|4 pages
Central America, Crime and Justice in
entry C_7|3 pages
Chambliss, William J.
entry C_8|3 pages
Chesney-Lind, Meda
entry C_9|1 pages
Chicago School
entry C_10|6 pages
Child Abuse: Extent and Correlates
entry C_11|3 pages
Child Abuse: Prevention and Treatment
entry C_12|2 pages
Child Abuse: Law
entry C_13|5 pages
Child Molestation
entry C_14|1 pages
Child Neglect
entry C_15|5 pages
China, Crime and Justice in
entry C_16|2 pages
Citation Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice
entry C_17|5 pages
Classical Criminology
entry C_18|3 pages
Classification of Offenders
entry C_19|2 pages
Clemency and Pardons
entry C_20|2 pages
Climate and Criminal Behavior
entry C_21|3 pages
Cloward, Richard A.
entry C_22|2 pages
Club Drugs
entry C_23|5 pages
Cocaine
entry C_24|3 pages
Cohen, Albert
entry C_25|3 pages
Cohort Research
entry C_26|5 pages
Colonial America, Crime and Justice in
entry C_27|1 pages
Commercial Sex
entry C_28|1 pages
Common Law
entry C_29|4 pages
Community Corrections
entry C_30|1 pages
Community Justice Programs
entry C_31|3 pages
Community Service and Restitution Programs
entry C_32|5 pages
Comparative Crime and Justice
entry C_33|1 pages
Competency to Stand Trial
entry C_34|8 pages
Computer Offenses
entry C_35|1 pages
Confessions
entry C_36|5 pages
Conflict and Consensus Theories of Law
entry C_37|3 pages
Consent as a Defense to Criminal Liability
entry C_38|2 pages
Conspiracy to Commit a Crime
entry C_39|4 pages
Consumers, Crimes against
entry C_40|2 pages
Containment Theory
entry C_41|1 pages
Control Theory
entry C_42|5 pages
Convict Criminology
entry C_43|5 pages
Corporal Punishment
entry C_44|5 pages
Corporate Crime
entry C_45|2 pages
Corpus Delicti
entry C_46|5 pages
Corrections: Careers
entry C_47|5 pages
Counsel, The Right to
entry C_48|2 pages
Counterfeiting
entry C_49|1 pages
Counterterrorism
entry C_50|6 pages
Courts in the U.S.: Structure and Functions
entry C_51|5 pages
Courts in the U.S.: Supreme Court
entry C_52|1 pages
Crack
entry C_53|3 pages
Cressey, Donald R.
entry C_54|6 pages
Crime Commission Reports
entry C_55|3 pages
Crime, Definitions of
entry C_56|1 pages
Crime Laboratories
entry C_57|4 pages
Crime Mapping
entry C_58|5 pages
Crime Prevention
entry C_59|2 pages
Criminal Anthropology
entry C_60|5 pages
Criminal Careers and Chronic Offenders
entry C_61|4 pages
Criminal Courts: Administration and Organization
entry C_62|4 pages
Criminal Courts: Felony
entry C_63|3 pages
Criminal Courts: Lower
entry C_64|3 pages
Criminal Courts: Personnel
entry C_65|4 pages
Criminal Courts: Problems in
entry C_66|2 pages
Criminal Justice Funding, The State Role in
entry C_67|3 pages
Criminal Justice System: Definition and Components
entry C_68|7 pages
Criminal Justice System: Models of Operation
entry C_69|6 pages
Criminal Justice Theorizing
entry C_70|6 pages
Criminal Law: Definition, Sources, and Types
entry C_71|6 pages
Criminal Law: Reform
entry C_72|1 pages
Criminalistics
entry C_73|1 pages
Criminal Profiling
entry C_74|2 pages
Criminalization and Decriminalization
entry C_75|3 pages
Criminology and Criminal Justice: A Comparison
entry C_76|5 pages
Criminology and Criminal Justice: Careers
entry C_77|3 pages
Criminology as Social Science
entry C_78|2 pages
Criminology: Definition
entry C_79|7 pages
Criminology: Historical Development
entry C_80|5 pages
Critical Criminology
entry C_81|5 pages
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Research
entry C_82|3 pages
Cuba, Crime and Justice in
entry C_83|3 pages
Cultural Criminology
entry C_84|4 pages
Curfews
entry C_85|5 pages
Customary Law
entry C_86|3 pages
Customs Service, U.S.
entry C_87|1 pages
Cybercrime
letter 1 D|104 pages
D
entry D_1|1 pages
Day Release Programs
entry D_2|1 pages
Death Penalty
entry D_3|7 pages
Defense Attorneys
entry D_4|4 pages
Defenses to Criminal Liability: Justifications and Excuses
entry D_5|3 pages
Demonology
entry D_6|2 pages
Designer Drugs
entry D_7|1 pages
Detectives
entry D_8|1 pages
Determinant Sentences
entry D_9|5 pages
Deterrence, General
entry D_10|5 pages
Deterrence, Specific
entry D_11|4 pages
Differential Association Theory
entry D_12|4 pages
Differential Oppression Theory
entry D_13|1 pages
Digital Crime
entry D_14|4 pages
Discretion and the Criminal Justice System
entry D_15|7 pages
Discrimination in Justice
entry D_16|2 pages
Disorderly Conduct and Disturbing the Peace
entry D_17|5 pages
Diversion and Diversion Programs
entry D_18|5 pages
Domestic Assault: Extent and Correlates
entry D_19|4 pages
Domestic Assault: Prevention and Treatment
entry D_20|3 pages
Domestic Assault: The Law
entry D_21|2 pages
Double Jeopardy, Protection Against
entry D_22|3 pages
Driving Under the Influence (DUI)
entry D_23|5 pages
Drug Control Policy: Enforcement, Interdiction, and the War on Drugs
entry D_24|3 pages
Drug Control Policy: Legalization and Decriminalization
entry D_25|5 pages
Drug Control Policy: Prevention and Treatment
entry D_26|3 pages
Drug Enforcement Administration, The (DEA)
entry D_27|4 pages
Drug Trafficking as an Occupation
entry D_28|8 pages
Drug Use and Criminal Behavior
entry D_29|7 pages
Drug Use: Extent and Correlates
entry D_30|6 pages
Drug Use: The Law
entry D_31|7 pages
Due Process
entry D_32|2 pages
Duress as a Defense to Criminal Liability
entry D_33|3 pages
Durkheim, Emile
letter 1 E|64 pages
E
entry E_1|4 pages
Eastern and Central Europe, Crime and Justice in
entry E_2|2 pages
Ecclesiastical Law
entry E_3|1 pages
Ecstasy
entry E_4|1 pages
Economic Theories of Criminal Behavior
entry E_5|1 pages
Edge Ethnography
entry E_6|4 pages
Educational Attainment and Criminal Behavior
entry E_7|2 pages
Educational Programs in Criminology and Criminal Justice
entry E_8|3 pages
Elder Abuse
entry E_9|2 pages
Elderly in Prison, The
entry E_10|4 pages
Electronic Surveillance and Wiretapping
entry E_11|3 pages
Elements of Crime
entry E_12|4 pages
Employee Theft and Inventory Shrinkage
entry E_13|6 pages
English Legal Traditions
entry E_14|2 pages
Entrapment as a Defense to Criminal Liability
entry E_15|3 pages
Environmental Crimes
entry E_16|4 pages
Environmental Theory
entry E_17|5 pages
Equal Protection
entry E_18|1 pages
Espionage
entry E_19|2 pages
Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide
entry E_20|5 pages
Evaluation and Policy Research
entry E_21|5 pages
Evidentiary Standards: Burden of Proof
entry E_22|3 pages
Evolutionary Theories of Criminal Behavior
entry E_23|3 pages
Exclusionary Rule, The
entry E_24|2 pages
Exhibitionism and Voyeurism
entry E_25|4 pages
Experimental Research and Randomized Experiments
entry E_26|4 pages
Extortion and Blackmail
entry E_27|4 pages
Eyewitness Identification
letter 1 F|51 pages
F
entry F_1|6 pages
Family Relationships and Criminal Behavior
entry F_2|3 pages
Farrington, David P.
entry F_3|8 pages
Fear of Crime
entry F_4|2 pages
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
entry F_5|4 pages
Felonies and Misdemeanors
entry F_6|7 pages
Feminist Theories of Criminal Behavior
entry F_7|1 pages
Fencing
entry F_8|1 pages
Fifth Amendment
entry F_9|3 pages
Fines, Fees, and Forfeiture
entry F_10|5 pages
Firearms and Criminal Behavior
entry F_11|5 pages
Firearms: Controversies over Policies
entry F_12|4 pages
Firearms: The Law
entry F_13|1 pages
Fires
entry F_14|1 pages
Forensics
entry F_15|3 pages
Forgery
entry F_16|1 pages
Fourth Amendment
entry F_17|7 pages
France, Crime and Justice in
entry F_18|1 pages
Fraud
letter 1 G|68 pages
G
entry G_1|5 pages
Gambling, Illegal
entry G_2|4 pages
Gambling, Legal
entry G_3|4 pages
Gangs, European Street
entry G_4|4 pages
Gangs, Female
entry G_5|3 pages
Gangs, Prison
entry G_6|6 pages
Gangs, Street
entry G_7|3 pages
Gangs: Definitions
entry G_8|3 pages
Gangs: Enforcement, Intervention, and Prevention Strategies
entry G_9|5 pages
Gangs: Race and Ethnicity
entry G_10|4 pages
Gangs: The Law
entry G_11|5 pages
Gangs: Theories
entry G_12|1 pages
Gangsters
entry G_13|9 pages
Gender and Criminal Behavior
entry G_14|4 pages
Genealogical Studies of Crime
entry G_15|3 pages
Genetic Theories of Criminal Behavior
entry G_16|4 pages
Genocide
entry G_17|6 pages
Germany, Crime and Justice in
entry G_18|2 pages
Glueck, Sheldon and Eleanor
entry G_19|2 pages
Grand Juries
entry G_20|4 pages
Greece, Crime and Justice in
entry G_21|4 pages
Guilty Pleas and Plea Bargaining
entry G_22|1 pages
Gun Control
part 2|699 pages
Entries H to P
letter 2 H|58 pages
H
entry H_1|2 pages
Habeas Corpus
entry H_2|3 pages
Hackers: History, Motivations, and Activities
entry H_3|2 pages
Halfway Houses and Day-Reporting Centers
entry H_4|1 pages
Hammurabi Code, The
entry H_5|5 pages
Hate Crime
entry H_6|1 pages
Health Care
entry H_7|4 pages
Heroin
entry H_8|3 pages
Hindu Legal Traditions
entry H_9|3 pages
Hirschi, Travis
entry H_10|6 pages
Historical Research
entry H_11|1 pages
Holocaust
entry H_12|5 pages
Homelessness and Criminal Behavior
entry H_13|5 pages
Homicide: Mass Murder and Serial Killings
entry H_14|3 pages
Homicide: Murder-for-Hire
entry H_15|7 pages
Homicide: Nature, Extent, and Correlates
entry H_16|5 pages
Homicide: The Law
entry H_17|5 pages
Homosexuality
entry H_18|4 pages
Hoover, John Edgar
entry H_19|4 pages
Hostage Taking and Negotiations
entry H_20|3 pages
House Arrest and Electronic Monitoring
letter 2 I|120 pages
I
entry I_1|1 pages
Identity Theft
entry I_2|1 pages
Immaturity as a Defense to Criminal Liability
entry I_3|3 pages
Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
entry I_4|5 pages
Incapacitation (Collective and Selective)
entry I_5|1 pages
Incarceration
entry I_6|3 pages
Incest
entry I_7|3 pages
Incivilities Theory
entry I_8|1 pages
Indeterminate Sentences
entry I_9|4 pages
India, Crime and Justice in
entry I_10|2 pages
Indictment (Filing an Information)
entry I_11|1 pages
Infancy as a Defense to Criminal Liability
entry I_12|1 pages
Inmates
entry I_13|2 pages
Inquisitorial Justice
entry I_14|6 pages
Insanity and Diminished Responsibility as Defense to Criminal Liability
entry I_15|6 pages
Institutional Corrections
entry I_16|7 pages
Integrated Theories of Criminal Behavior
entry I_17|5 pages
Intelligence (IQ) and Criminal Behavior
entry I_18|3 pages
Intensive Supervision Probation
entry I_19|4 pages
Intermediate Sanctions
entry I_20|2 pages
Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
entry I_21|4 pages
International Court of Justice (World Court)
entry I_22|4 pages
International Crime and the UN
entry I_23|5 pages
International Crime Statistics: Data Sources and Interpretation
entry I_24|5 pages
International Crime Statistics: Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Crime
entry I_25|6 pages
International Crime Trends
entry I_26|5 pages
International Criminal Law
entry I_27|5 pages
International Criminal Tribunals
entry I_28|4 pages
International Imprisonment: Rates and Conditions
entry I_29|4 pages
International Police Cooperation, History of
entry I_30|1 pages
International Police Organizations
entry I_31|3 pages
International Policing: Cooperation among Nations in the European Union
entry I_32|5 pages
International Policing: Coordination against Organized Crime in Europe
entry I_33|3 pages
International Policing: Interpol
entry I_34|5 pages
International Policing: Role of the U.S.
entry I_35|8 pages
Internet Resources in Criminology and Criminal Justice
entry I_36|7 pages
Interrogation and Confessions
entry I_37|2 pages
Intoxication as a Defense to Criminal Liability
entry I_38|5 pages
Investigative (Psychological) Profiling
entry I_39|3 pages
Islamic Legal Traditions
entry I_40|4 pages
Israel, Crime and Justice in
letter 2 J|68 pages
J
entry J_1|7 pages
Jails: Purposes, Populations, and Problems
entry J_2|4 pages
Japan, Crime and Justice in
entry J_3|3 pages
Jeffery, Clarence Ray
entry J_4|4 pages
Judeo-Christian Legal Traditions
entry J_5|6 pages
Judges
entry J_6|5 pages
Juries and Juror Selection
entry J_7|5 pages
Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Crime Throughout History
entry J_8|5 pages
Juvenile Delinquency, Girls and
entry J_9|8 pages
Juvenile Delinquency, Theories of
entry J_10|6 pages
Juvenile Delinquency: Definitions and the Law
entry J_11|7 pages
Juvenile Delinquency: Extent, Correlates, and Trends
entry J_12|3 pages
Juvenile Justice: Corrections
entry J_13|5 pages
Juvenile Justice: Due Process
entry J_14|7 pages
Juvenile Justice: History and Philosophy
entry J_15|5 pages
Juvenile Justice: The Courts
entry J_16|1 pages
Juvenile Justice: The Police
letter 2 K|2 pages
K
entry K_1|2 pages
Kidnapping
letter 2 L|42 pages
L
entry L_1|5 pages
Labeling and Symbolic Interaction Theories
entry L_2|4 pages
Larceny and Theft: Extent and Correlates
entry L_3|2 pages
Larceny and Theft: The Law
entry L_4|3 pages
Law and Legal Services: Careers
entry L_5|5 pages
Law Enforcement
entry L_6|3 pages
Law Enforcement Assistance Administration
entry L_7|4 pages
Law Enforcement: Careers
entry L_8|6 pages
Law Enforcement: Community Policing
entry L_9|1 pages
Lawyers
entry L_10|3 pages
Left Realism
entry L_11|6 pages
Life-Course and Developmental Theories
entry L_12|2 pages
Loan-Sharking
entry L_13|3 pages
Lombroso, Cesare
entry L_14|1 pages
Loitering
entry L_15|4 pages
Lynching
entry L_16|5 pages
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
letter 2 M|66 pages
M
entry M_1|1 pages
Mandatory Sentencing
entry M_2|5 pages
Marijuana
entry M_3|2 pages
Maritime Offenses: Crime at Sea
entry M_4|3 pages
Marshals Service, U.S.
entry M_5|4 pages
Marxist Theories of Criminal Behavior
entry M_6|3 pages
Masculinity Theory
entry M_7|9 pages
Mass Media and Crime and Justice
entry M_8|1 pages
Mass Murder
entry M_9|3 pages
Matza, David
entry M_10|4 pages
Mediation and Dispute Resolution Programs
entry M_11|7 pages
Medieval Europe, Crime and Justice in
entry M_12|3 pages
Mens Rea (Criminal Intent)
entry M_13|5 pages
Mental Illness and Criminal Behavior
entry M_14|1 pages
Mercy Killing
entry M_15|3 pages
Merton, Robert K.
entry M_16|3 pages
Micronesia, Crime and Justice in
entry M_17|7 pages
Military Justice: The Police
entry M_18|5 pages
Military Justice: Courts, the Law, and Punishment
entry M_19|1 pages
Miller, Walter B
entry M_20|1 pages
Miranda Rights
entry M_21|2 pages
Mistake of Fact as a Criminal Defense to Criminal Liability
entry M_22|2 pages
Money Laundering
entry M_23|6 pages
Moral Panic
entry M_24|4 pages
Motor Vehicle Theft: Extent and Correlates
entry M_25|2 pages
Motor Vehicle Theft: The Law
entry M_26|1 pages
Murder or Killing
letter 2 N|33 pages
N
entry N_1|5 pages
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
entry N_2|3 pages
National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
entry N_3|3 pages
Native American Crime and Justice
entry N_4|2 pages
Natural Law
entry N_5|1 pages
Necessity as a Defense to Criminal Liability
entry N_6|1 pages
Neighborhood Watch Programs
entry N_7|5 pages
Neo-Nazi Groups
entry N_8|2 pages
Netherlands, Crime and Justice in the
entry N_9|4 pages
Neurophysiological Theories of Criminal Behavior
entry N_10|3 pages
Neutralization or Drift Theory
entry N_11|3 pages
New Zealand, Crime and Justice in
entry N_12|5 pages
Nigeria, Corruption in
letter 2 O|71 pages
O
entry O_1|2 pages
Obscenity
entry O_2|2 pages
Obsession
entry O_3|2 pages
Obstruction of Justice
entry O_4|3 pages
Occult Crime
entry O_5|5 pages
Occupational Crime
entry O_6|5 pages
Official and Unofficial Measures of Criminal Behavior
entry O_7|2 pages
Ohlin, Lloyd E.
entry O_8|7 pages
Organized Crime: Activities and Extent
entry O_9|3 pages
Organized Crime: Black Mafia
entry O_10|2 pages
Organized Crime: Chinese Tongs and Triads
entry O_11|6 pages
Organized Crime: Colombian Cartels
entry O_12|2 pages
Organized Crime: Cuban Gangs
entry O_13|5 pages
Organized Crime: Definitions and Models
entry O_14|6 pages
Organized Crime: Enforcement Strategies
entry O_15|3 pages
Organized Crime: Irish and Jewish Mobsters
entry O_16|3 pages
Organized Crime: Italian American Mafia
entry O_17|2 pages
Organized Crime: Japanese Mobsters
entry O_18|2 pages
Organized Crime: Mexican Mafia
entry O_19|2 pages
Organized Crime: Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs
entry O_20|4 pages
Organized Crime: Russian Mafia
entry O_21|6 pages
Organized Crime: Sicilian Mafia
entry O_22|4 pages
Organized Crime: The Law
entry O_23|6 pages
Organized Crime: Theories
letter 2 P|237 pages
P
entry P_1|5 pages
Parole
entry P_2|5 pages
Peacemaking Criminology
entry P_3|3 pages
Peel, Sir Robert
entry P_4|3 pages
Penal Colonies
entry P_5|1 pages
Penitentiaries
entry P_6|3 pages
Perjury
entry P_7|5 pages
Personality Theories of Criminal Behavior
entry P_8|3 pages
Petersilia, Joan
entry P_9|2 pages
Phrenology
entry P_10|3 pages
Physical Attractiveness and Criminal Behavior
entry P_11|4 pages
Physicians and the Pharmaceutical Industry, Crimes by
entry P_12|1 pages
Pistols
entry P_13|5 pages
Poland, Crime and Justice in
entry P_14|6 pages
Police: Administration and Organization
entry P_15|5 pages
Police: Brutality and Corruption
entry P_16|5 pages
Police: Contemporary Developments
entry P_17|4 pages
Police Crime
entry P_18|3 pages
Police: Detectives
entry P_19|4 pages
Police: Disciplinary Actions and Internal Affairs
entry P_20|7 pages
Police: Forensic Evidence
entry P_21|7 pages
Police History: England
entry P_22|7 pages
Police History: U.S.
entry P_23|5 pages
Police: Municipal or Urban
entry P_24|4 pages
Police: Occupational Problems
entry P_25|4 pages
Police: Patrol
entry P_26|5 pages
Police: Personalities and Subcultures
entry P_27|5 pages
Police: Private Security Forces
entry P_28|3 pages
Policing: Police and Racial Profiling
entry P_29|3 pages
Policing: Rural
entry P_30|3 pages
Police: Use of Deadly Force
entry P_31|6 pages
Police: Vice and Special Units
entry P_32|6 pages
Political Crimes against the State
entry P_33|5 pages
Political Crimes of the State
entry P_34|6 pages
Politics and Crime Policies
entry P_35|5 pages
Pornography and Criminal Behavior
entry P_36|3 pages
Pornography: The Law
entry P_37|5 pages
Postmodernism and Constitutive Theories of Criminal Behavior
entry P_38|3 pages
Presentence Investigation Reports (PSIR)
entry P_39|6 pages
Prediction of Criminal Behavior (Risk Assessment)
entry P_40|2 pages
Preliminary Hearings
entry P_41|4 pages
Pretrial Detention or Preventive Detention
entry P_42|8 pages
Prison History: Continental Europe and England
entry P_43|7 pages
Prison History: U.S.
entry P_44|6 pages
Prison Riots
entry P_45|3 pages
Prisons: Administration and Organization
entry P_46|7 pages
Prisons and the Rule of Law
entry P_47|6 pages
Prisons: Correctional Officers and Staff
entry P_48|5 pages
Prisons: Inmate Populations and Subcultures
entry P_49|3 pages
Prisons, Privatized
entry P_50|4 pages
Prisons, Problems and Recent Developments in
entry P_51|5 pages
Prisons: Women's Facilities
entry P_52|2 pages
Private Investigators
entry P_53|5 pages
Probation
entry P_54|4 pages
Probation and Parole: Careers
entry P_55|1 pages
Problem-Oriented Policing: Crime Prevention
entry P_56|4 pages
Prohibition
entry P_57|5 pages
Prosecuting Attorneys
entry P_58|4 pages
Prostitution as an Occupation
entry P_59|3 pages
Prostitution: Extent, Correlates, and Forms
entry P_60|4 pages
Prostitution: The Law
entry P_61|3 pages
Psychological Autopsy
entry P_62|3 pages
Psychological Theories of Criminal Behavior
entry P_63|4 pages
Psychopathy and Criminal Behavior
entry P_64|2 pages
Public Drunkenness
entry P_65|5 pages
Public Opinion and Criminal Behavior
entry P_66|5 pages
Public Opinion and the Criminal Justice System
entry P_67|4 pages
Publications in Criminal Law
entry P_68|3 pages
Punishment Justifications
part 3|426 pages
Entries Q to Y
letter 3 Q|7 pages
Q
entry Q_1|4 pages
Qualitative Research
entry Q_2|2 pages
Quetelet, Adolphe
entry Q_3|2 pages
Quinney, Richard
letter 3 R|89 pages
R
entry R_1|8 pages
Race and Ethnicity and Criminal Behavior
entry R_2|6 pages
Radical Theories of Criminology
entry R_3|2 pages
Radzinowicz, Sir Leon
entry R_4|5 pages
Rape, Acquaintance and Date
entry R_5|6 pages
Rape, Forcible: Extent and Correlates
entry R_6|5 pages
Rape, Forcible: The Law
entry R_7|5 pages
Rape, Forcible: Theories
entry R_8|3 pages
Rape, Marital
entry R_9|4 pages
Rape, Statutory
entry R_10|5 pages
Rational Choice Theory
entry R_11|4 pages
Receiving Stolen Goods
entry R_12|5 pages
Recidivism
entry R_13|1 pages
Reckless Driving
entry R_14|3 pages
Reckless, Walter C.
entry R_15|5 pages
Rehabilitation and Treatment
entry R_16|3 pages
Reiss, Albert John, Jr.
entry R_17|6 pages
Religion and Criminal Behavior
entry R_18|1 pages
Repeat Offenders
entry R_19|3 pages
Restorative Justice
entry R_20|4 pages
Retribution
entry R_21|3 pages
Riots: Extent and Correlates
entry R_22|3 pages
Riots: The Law
entry R_23|1 pages
Risk Assessment
entry R_24|4 pages
Robbery as an Occupation
entry R_25|3 pages
Robbery: Extent and Correlates
entry R_26|3 pages
Robbery: The Law
entry R_27|1 pages
Roe v. Wade
entry R_28|6 pages
Routine Activities Theory
entry R_29|5 pages
Russia, Crime and Justice in Modern
letter 3 S|177 pages
S
entry S_1|3 pages
Same-Sex Domestic Violence (Formerly Gay Intimate Violence)
entry S_2|2 pages
Sampson, Robert J.
entry S_3|4 pages
Scandinavia, Crime and Justice in
entry S_4|1 pages
School Violence
entry S_5|5 pages
Schools and Delinquent Behavior
entry S_6|1 pages
Scientific Evidence
entry S_7|5 pages
Search and Seizure
entry S_8|3 pages
Secret Service, U.S.
entry S_9|1 pages
Securities Fraud
entry S_10|3 pages
Sedition and Treason
entry S_11|5 pages
Self-Control Theory
entry S_12|3 pages
Self-Defense as a Defense to Criminal Liability
entry S_13|2 pages
Self-Esteem and Criminal Behavior
entry S_14|3 pages
Self-Incrimination, The Privilege Against
entry S_15|6 pages
Self-Report Research
entry S_16|2 pages
Self-Representation, The Right to
entry S_17|4 pages
Sellin, Thorsten
entry S_18|6 pages
Sentences and Sentencing: Disparities
entry S_19|4 pages
Sentences and Sentencing: Guidelines
entry S_20|5 pages
Sentences and Sentencing: Types
entry S_21|8 pages
Sentencing Guidelines, U.S.
entry S_22|1 pages
Serial Killers
entry S_23|2 pages
Sexual Harassment
entry S_24|1 pages
Sexual Violence
entry S_25|1 pages
Sheriff's Departments
entry S_26|4 pages
Sheriffs
entry S_27|2 pages
Sherman, Lawrence W.
entry S_28|1 pages
Shock Incarceration
entry S_29|3 pages
Shoplifting
entry S_30|3 pages
Short, James F., Jr.
entry S_31|3 pages
Simon, Rita
entry S_32|1 pages
Sixth Amendment
entry S_33|1 pages
Smuggling
entry S_34|7 pages
Social Class and Criminal Behavior
entry S_35|7 pages
Social Control Theories of Criminal Behavior
entry S_36|8 pages
Social Disorganization Theory
entry S_37|4 pages
Social Learning Theory
entry S_38|2 pages
Social Support Theory
entry S_39|4 pages
Sociological Theories of Criminal Behavior
entry S_40|3 pages
Solicitation to Commit Crime
entry S_41|11 pages
South Africa, Crime and Justice in
entry S_42|8 pages
Soviet Union, Crime and Justice in the
entry S_43|4 pages
Spain, Crime and Criminal Justice in
entry S_44|2 pages
Stalking
entry S_45|1 pages
State Troopers or Highway Patrol
entry S_46|4 pages
Status Offenses
entry S_47|2 pages
Statute of Limitations as a Defense to Criminal Liability
entry S_48|8 pages
Strain Theories: From Durkheim to Merton
entry S_49|5 pages
Strain Theories: Recent Developments
entry S_50|2 pages
Strict Liability
entry S_51|4 pages
Subcultural Theories of Criminal Behavior
entry S_52|8 pages
Sub-Saharan Africa, Crime and Justice in
entry S_53|1 pages
Substance Abuse
entry S_54|4 pages
Suicide: Extent and Correlates
entry S_55|3 pages
Suicide: Prevention
entry S_56|2 pages
Suicide: The Law
entry S_57|3 pages
Superior Orders as a Defense to Criminal Liability
entry S_58|6 pages
Survey Research
entry S_59|4 pages
Sutherland, Edwin H.
entry S_60|2 pages
Switzerland, Crime and Justice in
entry S_61|3 pages
Sykes, Gresham M.
letter 3 T|42 pages
T
entry T_1|5 pages
Tax Evasion and Tax Fraud
entry T_2|7 pages
Terrorism
entry T_3|4 pages
Terrorism: The Law
entry T_4|1 pages
Theft
entry T_5|4 pages
Theft, Professional
entry T_6|2 pages
Thrasher, Frederic
entry T_7|2 pages
Traffic Offenses
entry T_8|1 pages
Transnational Crime
entry T_9|2 pages
Trespass
entry T_10|3 pages
Trial, The Right to
entry T_11|5 pages
Trials, Criminal
entry T_12|4 pages
Trials, Political
entry T_13|10 pages
Typologies of Crime and Criminal Behavior
letter 3 U|20 pages
U
entry U_1|3 pages
Ukraine, Crime and Justice in
entry U_2|5 pages
Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)
entry U_3|6 pages
United Kingdom, Crime and Justice in the
entry U_4|9 pages
United States Frontier, Crime and Justice in the
letter 3 V|38 pages
V
entry V_1|2 pages
Vandalism
entry V_2|2 pages
Victim Compensation Programs
entry V_3|4 pages
Victim Precipitation
entry V_4|5 pages
Victimization, Crime: Characteristics of Victims
entry V_5|5 pages
Victimization, Crime: Financial Loss and Personal Suffering
entry V_6|3 pages
Victimization, Crime: Prevention and Protection
entry V_7|5 pages
Victimization, Crime: Theories about Vulnerability
entry V_8|4 pages
Victimization, Repeated
entry V_9|4 pages
Victimless Crime
entry V_10|5 pages
Victimology
entry V_11|4 pages
Victims' Rights
entry V_12|2 pages
Vigilante Violence
entry V_13|1 pages
Violence
entry V_14|3 pages
Vollmer, August, and O. W. Wilson
letter 3 W|43 pages
W
entry W_1|5 pages
War Crimes
entry W_2|4 pages
Warfare and Criminal Behavior
entry W_3|4 pages
Warrants and Subpoenas
entry W_4|4 pages
White-Collar Crime: Definitions
entry W_5|5 pages
White-Collar Crime: Enforcement Strategies
entry W_6|4 pages
White-Collar Crime: The Law
entry W_7|4 pages
White-Collar Crime: Theories
entry W_8|2 pages
Wilson, James Q.
entry W_9|2 pages
Witchcraft and Heresy
entry W_10|2 pages
Witnesses, the Right to Confront
entry W_11|3 pages
Wolfgang, Marvin E.
entry W_12|4 pages
Women and Addiction
entry W_13|3 pages
Women as Offenders and Victims Throughout History
entry W_14|2 pages
Work Release
entry W_15|3 pages
Workplace Violence
letter 3 Y|6 pages
Y
entry Y_1|3 pages
Young, Jock
entry Y_2|4 pages
Youth Work and Crime
