ABSTRACT

This volume tells the story of the Helsinki Process from the immediate post-war period through the signing of the Helsinki Final Act in 1975 to the collapse of the Soviet empire and up to the present day. Treating it as a single narrative in the search for a just and stable order in Europe adds significantly to the copious but mostly narrowly focused academic literature on the subject.

Divided into 26 chapters, it can also serve as a handy reference book for different phases of the story. Chapter 22 examines the continuing debate over whether the West is responsible for the breakdown of relations with Russia and why the Helsinki Process failed to avert it. Chapter 26 asks whether the remarkable multilateral diplomacy that produced the Final Act could be replicated in other troubled areas today. It then offers 12 lessons that may be drawn from that experience.

Defrosting the Cold War and Beyond: An Introduction to the Helsinki Process, 1954–2022 will help students and others understand the long arc of the Helsinki process, its place in European history and its continuing relevance today. Drawing on the first-hand experience of the author and other sources, the book corrects common errors and identifies some of the key people involved.

chapter |2 pages

Introduction

What is the Helsinki Process?

part I|23 pages

Origins

chapter 1|8 pages

Where did it come from?

chapter 2|7 pages

Who started it?

chapter 3|6 pages

What were they afraid of?

part II|52 pages

Moving forward

chapter 4|9 pages

Khrushchev, the accidental helper

chapter 5|5 pages

Brezhnev, the deluded visionary

chapter 6|5 pages

1966: Dialogue of the deaf

chapter 7|9 pages

1967: Détente, but what was it?

chapter 10|9 pages

1969: Now they are talking

part III|58 pages

Heading for the summit

chapter 11|11 pages

Dipoli 1972–3

Together at last

chapter 12|10 pages

1973: Setting up base camp in Geneva

chapter 13|18 pages

Geneva 1973–5

The long climb to the summit

chapter 14|7 pages

1975: Views from the summit

chapter 15|10 pages

Coming down to earth 1

part IV|50 pages

Follow-up

chapter 16|10 pages

Belgrade 1977–8

Human rights and wrongs

chapter 17|10 pages

Madrid 1980–83

The stress test

chapter 19|9 pages

Vienna 1986–9: The ice cracks 1

chapter 20|6 pages

Paris 1990: Euphoria

chapter 21|4 pages

Helsinki II 1992: Gloom 1

part V|62 pages

Where to now?

chapter 22|16 pages

Was an Opportunity Missed?

chapter 23|17 pages

The OSCE

More members, same tasks, rough road

chapter 24|12 pages

ODIHR

Human rights and dodgy elections

chapter 25|5 pages

Conclusions, achievements, legacy