ABSTRACT
Since the end of the Cold War there has been an increased interest in the Baltics. The Baltic States brings together three titles, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, to provide a comprehensive and analytical guide integrating history, political science, economic development and contemporary events into one account. Since gaining their independence, each country has developed at its own pace with its own agenda and facing its own obstacles. The authors examine the tensions accompanying a post-communist return to Europe after the long years of separation and how each country has responded to the demands of becoming a modern European state. Estonia was the first of the former Soviet republics to enter membership negotiations with the European Union in 1988 and is a potential candidate for the next round of EU expansion in 2004. Lithuania and Latvia have also expressed their desire for future membership of NATO and the EU.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
part |2 pages
Saaremaa-an
chapter |6 pages
u.s.
Under Secretary Sumner Welles 'devious processes whereunder political independence territorial integrity small Baltic republics [were] deliberately annihilated their powerful neighbours'.lo2 early July, ailing President Pats consented flagrant violation existing consitution ordering parliamentary
chapter |10 pages
Del-the
fore- runner planned already 1940, central guidelines establishing categories of individuals earmarked deportation. latter included former state officials and army officers, industrialists, large landowners above managed through the 1941, since figure
chapter 1987|9 pages
the Kukk-met
first, incidentally, Soviet leader. months earlier referred Soviet Union 'Russia' during Ukraine informed Tallinn strengthen 'internationalist' education individual republics. Locally, slogan perceived by-word
chapter |4 pages
done-in
avoid eclipse upcoming republican elections. December 1989, Communist Party Lithuania (CPL) voted separate CPSU, thereby smashing pillar Moscow's political control over republic. weeks before, Lithuanian Supreme Soviet voted overwhelmingly abolish CPL's
chapter |18 pages
Dudayev-at
commander of Soviet military airbase at Raadi, Tartu. Dudayev still fondly remembered refusal landing rights Soviet airborne units height coup. radically-nationalist circles Estonia consistently expressed sympathy Chechen cause since 1991, which
chapter |4 pages
Party-that
non-citizens applied naturalisation before elections should allowed vote. subsequent implementation constitution nevertheless stipulated first would years rather stipulated under constitution. non-citizens underwent naturalisation promptly would
chapter |3 pages
Opportunity'-drawn
CPE-failed cross threshold, making Estonia first post-socialist state which official successor Communist Party lacked representation parliament.t" Another notable feature elections success encountered 'anti-system' groups.t" Restitution movement
chapter |18 pages
Luik-one army-
impressive Estonia's post-Soviet politicians-as defence minister stabilised situation somewhat, inquiry investigate situation armed forces overshadowed further scandal relating purchase million Israel. The concluded government without consultation either submitted resignation, which president refused accept. Throughout remainder period office, Einseln's public attacks on corruption and incompetence within armed forces brought conflict political masters, accused disregarding principle
chapter |18 pages
and-possibly-the
Coalition, still three short of an overall majority. called nominate prime minister, president predictably opted Savisaar, chairman whose party seats) joint-second largest group parliament along Reformists Moderates Faced
part |2 pages
these-
chapter |4 pages
Mission-to
assess human rights situation. these groups found evidence support allegations of systematic ethnic discrimination. Estonia's success shaping international agenda troop withdrawal therefore weaknesses inconsistencies in Russia's crude and emotive nature Russian attacks-which terms 'ethnic cleansing' and
part 1995|2 pages
had
chapter |3 pages
Lebanon-
operates under overall coordination of Danish peacekeeping battalion. Denmark's support Baltic membership NATO, along Finland's training Estonian military, underline crucial importance Baltic independence Nordic states. time, Nordic governments emphatically rejected suggestions
chapter |18 pages
region-to
mildly'.84 point fact, status of 'Russian-speaking population' became central issue in Estonian-Russian relations early as 1992. Moscow's persistent internationalisation question important factor behind western initiatives designed Estonia towards accommodating nationalities policy.
chapter |86 pages
Section I Chapter
1914-1985 INDEPENDENT LITHUANIA Mikhail Gorbachev's attempt through
chapter |14 pages
Section Chapter
INDEPENDENCE AND POLITICS TRANSITION, 1985-1999 ACHIEVEMENT INDEPENDENCE, 1985-1991
