ABSTRACT
A valuable survey and reference resource It is hard to imagine a more needed and more useful literary reference work than this one, which gives students and readers quick access to the lives and work of a wide range of notable female writers from England and the Continent, from Aphra Behn to Emily Bronte, from Simone de Beauvoir to Isak Dinesen, from Bridget of Sweden to Hannah Arendt. Writers in more than 30 languages are included: French, Czech, Greek, Italian, Swedish, Spanish, German, Russian, Portuguese, Serbian, Catalan, Arabic, Hebrew, Dutch, Bulgarian, Croatian, Slovak, and more. Covers 1,500 years and all major genres Going back 15 centuries, the Encyclopedia covers the authors of novels, short stories, poetry, plays, criticism, social commentary, feminist manifestos, romances, mysteries, memoirs, children's literature, biography, and other genres. In signed entries, some of which are mini-essays, experts in the field examine writers' lives and achievements, comment on individual works, place artistic efforts in historical context, provide insights and analyses, and present more information than can be easily found elsewhere without undertaking more exhaustive research. Each entry is followed by a bibliography of primary works. Indexed by language, nationality, genre, and century. Spotlights the interesting lives of notable writers In these pages students and readers will meet hundreds of interesting women writers who made lasting contributions to the intellectual and popular culture of their countries while often leading fascinating lives, among them: * AGATHA CHRISTIE , who wrote her first book in response to her sister's demand for a detective story that was harder to solve than the popular fiction of her day, and whose work has been translated in more languages than Shakespeare's. * HILDEGARD VON BINGEN , the 12th-century German mystic, who wrote profusely as a prophet, a poet, a dramatist, a physician, and a political moralist, often communicated with popes and princes, and exerted a tremendous influence on the Western Europe of her time * MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT SHELLEY, whose 1818 masterpiece Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus became a literary sensation around the world * ILSE BLUMENTHAL-WEISS, one of the few concentration camp survivors to memorialize the victims of the Holocaust in German verse * LINA WERTMULLER, who in addition to her work in films, has written plays for the stage and a novel, and who once was a member of a short-lived puppet theater that staged the works of Kafka. Special features: Ideal for quick reference and student research * Multicultural-covers over 30 languages and 15 centuries * Includes many contemporary writers * Provides essential biographic data on each writer * Each entry is followed by a chronological listing of the writer's published book-length works * Offers critical evaluations of major works * Indexes help find writers by country...research by time period...survey genres...focus on languages
TABLE OF CONTENTS
letter 1|18 pages
A
entry |2 pages
Ilse Aichinger
entry |2 pages
Bella Alchátovna Akhmadúlina
entry |3 pages
Anna Akhmatova
entry |2 pages
Sibilla Aleramo
entry |2 pages
Leonor de Almeida de Portugal
entry |2 pages
Concha Alós
entry |2 pages
Loula Anagnostalci
entry |2 pages
Anyte
entry |2 pages
Tullia d'Aragona
entry |2 pages
Hannah Arendt
entry |2 pages
Bettine von Arnim
entry |2 pages
Aspāzija
entry |3 pages
Marie-Catherine le Jumel de Barneville, Baronne d'Aulnoy
entry |3 pages
Jane Austen
letter 2|56 pages
B
entry |2 pages
Sophie Louise Charlotte (von Klenow) Baden
entry |2 pages
Teresa Landucci Bandettini
entry |2 pages
Natalie Clifford Barney
entry |2 pages
Emilia Pardo Bazán
entry |2 pages
Salomėja Bčinskcaitė-Bučienė
entry |3 pages
Madame Jeanne-Marie Le Prince de Beaumont
entry |3 pages
Simone de Beauvoir
entry |2 pages
Aphra Behn
entry |3 pages
Maria Elisa Belpaire
entry |1 pages
Illuminata Bembo
entry |2 pages
Catherine Bernard
entry |2 pages
Sister Bertlcen
entry |2 pages
Kata Bethlen
entry |2 pages
Charlotte Dorothea Biehl
entry |3 pages
Anna Bijns
entry |2 pages
Louise Cathrine Elisabeth Bjørnsen
entry |3 pages
Ana Blandiana
entry |1 pages
Ilse Blumenthal-Weiss
entry |2 pages
Anne-Marie Fiquet du Bocage
entry |2 pages
Cecilia Böhl de Faber y Larrea
entry |2 pages
Elisabeth Borchers
entry |2 pages
Anna Louisa Geertruida Bosboom-Toussaint
entry |2 pages
Katharina Boudewijns
entry |3 pages
Elizabeth (Dorothea Cole) Bowen
entry |2 pages
Karin Boye
entry |2 pages
Sophia Elisabet (Weber) Brenner
entry |2 pages
Bridget of Sweden
entry |3 pages
Marguerite Briet
entry |1 pages
Anna Brigadere
entry |2 pages
Vera Brittain
entry |2 pages
Ivana Brlić-Ma'uranić
entry |2 pages
Suzanne Brøgger
entry |2 pages
Anne Brontë
entry |3 pages
Charlotte Brontë
entry |3 pages
Emily Brontë
entry |2 pages
Anita Broolcner
entry |2 pages
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
entry |3 pages
Friederike (Frederikke) Brun
entry |2 pages
Janina Brzostowslca
entry |2 pages
Lukrecija Bogašinović Budmani
entry |3 pages
Frances (Fanny) Burney
entry |2 pages
Constanţa Buzea
letter 3|34 pages
C
entry |2 pages
Wilhelmina “Minna” Ulrika (Johnson) Canth
entry |2 pages
Jane Welsh Carlyle
entry |2 pages
Ana Caro Mallen de Soto
entry |4 pages
Barbara Cartland
entry |2 pages
Castelloza
entry |1 pages
Caterina da Siena
entry |4 pages
Catherine II (the Great), Empress of Russia
entry |3 pages
Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle
entry |1 pages
Laura Cereta
entry |1 pages
Ernestina de Champourcín (y Morán de Loredo)
entry |2 pages
Gabrielle-Emilie le Tonnilier de Breteuil Châtelet-Lomont
entry |3 pages
Inger Christensen
entry |3 pages
Agatha Christie
entry |3 pages
Christine de Pizan
entry |3 pages
Caryl Churchill
entry |2 pages
Hélène Cixous
entry |1 pages
Clare of Assisi
entry |1 pages
Lady Anne Clifford
entry |3 pages
Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette
entry |2 pages
Camilla Collett
entry |3 pages
Ivy Compton-Burnett
entry |2 pages
Corinna
entry |2 pages
Natalia de Oliveira Correia
letter 4|23 pages
D
entry |2 pages
Maria D̨abrowska
entry |2 pages
Madame du Deffand
entry |3 pages
Shelagh Delaney
entry |3 pages
Grazia Deledda
entry |2 pages
Marie Dentière
entry |2 pages
Catharine Irma Dessaur
entry |2 pages
The Countess off Did
entry |5 pages
Isak Dinesen
entry |3 pages
Margaret Drabble
entry |4 pages
Stéphanie Ducrest, Countess of Genlis
entry |4 pages
Amandine-Aurore-Lucie Dupin, Baronne Dudevant
entry |2 pages
Marguerite Duras
letter 5|17 pages
E
entry |2 pages
Emily Eden
entry |2 pages
Maria Edgeworth
entry |2 pages
Egeria
entry |1 pages
Marianne Ehrmann
entry |3 pages
George Eliot
entry |2 pages
Elisabeth Charlotte Pfalzgräfin, Herzogin von Orléans
entry |2 pages
Elisabeth of Nassau-Saarbrücken
entry |2 pages
Elisabeth von Schönau
entry |2 pages
Queen Elizabeth I
entry |2 pages
Dorothe Engelbretsdatter
entry |2 pages
Erinna
entry |2 pages
Florbela de Alma da Conceição Espanca
entry |3 pages
Concha Espina
letter 6|10 pages
F
entry |1 pages
Camilla Faa' Gonzaga
entry |2 pages
Oriana Fallaci
entry |2 pages
Cassandra Fedele
entry |2 pages
Susan Edmonstone Ferrier
entry |2 pages
Margita Figuli
entry |3 pages
Emilie Flygare-Carlén
entry |2 pages
Marie Louise von Françoise
entry |2 pages
Anneliese (“Anne”) Frank
letter 7|27 pages
G
entry |2 pages
Dora Petrova Gabe
entry |1 pages
Madame Gacon-Dufour
entry |1 pages
Veronica Gambara
entry |3 pages
Elizabeth Gaslcell
entry |2 pages
Gertrud of Helfta
entry |2 pages
Natalia Ginzburg
entry |3 pages
Zinaida Gippius
entry |2 pages
Leah Goldberg
entry |3 pages
Claire Goll
entry |3 pages
Catherine Grace Frances Moody Gore
entry |3 pages
Luise Adelgunde Victoria Gottsched
entry |2 pages
Marie-Olympe de Gouges
entry |2 pages
Marie le Jars de Gournay
entry |4 pages
Marie Eugenie delle Grazie
entry |2 pages
Kate Greenaway
entry |2 pages
Lady Augusta Gregory
entry |2 pages
Maria de Groot
entry |3 pages
Jeanne-Marie Bouvier de la Motte, Mme Guyon
entry |2 pages
Thomasine Gyllembourg
letter 8|22 pages
H
entry |3 pages
Hella Haasse
entry |2 pages
Hadewijch
entry |2 pages
Maša Hal'amová
entry |2 pages
Radclyffe Hall
entry |2 pages
Aase Hansen
entry |3 pages
Frederikke (Rinna/Renna) Elisabeth Brun Juul Hauch
entry |2 pages
Heloise
entry |2 pages
Felicia Dorothea Browne Hemans
entry |2 pages
Georgette Heyer
entry |2 pages
Magdalena Heymair
entry |2 pages
Hildegard von Bingen
entry |2 pages
Octavia Hill
entry |1 pages
Esther (“Etty”) Hillesum
entry |2 pages
Agneta Horn
entry |2 pages
Maria Teresa Horta
entry |2 pages
Hrotsvit of Gandersheim
entry |3 pages
Lucy Apsley Hutchinson
letter 9|4 pages
I
entry |1 pages
Fotini Ikonomidou
entry |3 pages
Elizabeth Simpson Inchbald
entry |2 pages
Luce Irigaray
letter 10|5 pages
J
entry |2 pages
Vidmcmtė Jasukaityté
entry |2 pages
Ruth Prawer Jhabvala
entry |2 pages
Ragnhild Jølsen
entry |2 pages
Julian of Norwich
letter 11|16 pages
K
entry |2 pages
Aino Kallas
entry |1 pages
Margarita Karapanou
entry |2 pages
Zoe Karelli
entry |1 pages
Kassia
entry |2 pages
Frances Anne Kemble
entry |2 pages
Margery Kempe
entry |2 pages
Diana Kempff
entry |2 pages
Marie-Thérèse Kerschbaumer
entry |2 pages
Nadezhda Khvoshchinskaia
entry |2 pages
Käthe Kollwitz
entry |2 pages
Ljarissa Kosac
entry |3 pages
Sofia Kovalevskaia
entry |3 pages
Ursula Krechel
letter 12|25 pages
L
entry |2 pages
Louise Labé
entry |2 pages
Claire (Rose) Lacombe
entry |2 pages
Marie-Madeleine, Pioche de la Vergne, Comtesse de Lafayette
entry |2 pages
Lady Caroline Lamb
entry |2 pages
Mary Ann Lamb
entry |2 pages
Anne-Therese de Marguenat de Courcelles, Marquise de Lambert
entry |2 pages
Anna Margrethe Lasson
entry |1 pages
Violette Leduc
entry |2 pages
Sophia Lee
entry |2 pages
Rosamond Lehmann
entry |2 pages
Anna Maria (Malmstedt) Lenngren
entry |2 pages
Madame Jeanne-Marie Le Prince de Beaumont
entry |2 pages
Doris Lessing
entry |2 pages
Astrid Lindgren
entry |2 pages
Elizabeth Lynn Linton
entry |2 pages
Virginie Loveling
entry |3 pages
Monica Lovinescu
entry |2 pages
Rosa Luxemburg
letter 13|63 pages
M
entry |2 pages
(Emilie) Rose Macaulay
entry |2 pages
Elizabeth Mackintosh
entry |2 pages
Ella Maillart
entry |3 pages
Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon
entry |1 pages
Nadezhda Mandelshtam
entry |2 pages
(Mary) Delariviere Manley
entry |2 pages
Eeva-Liisa Manner
entry |3 pages
Olivia Manning
entry |2 pages
Katherine Mansfield
entry |2 pages
Gianna Manzini
entry |2 pages
Margaret of Austria
entry |3 pages
Marguerite de Navarre
entry |1 pages
Marguerite de Valois
entry |2 pages
Marie de France
entry |2 pages
Elena Maróthy-Šoltésová
entry |2 pages
Florence Marryat
entry |2 pages
Anne Marsh-Caldwell
entry |3 pages
Harriet Martineau
entry |2 pages
Carmen Martín-Gaite
entry |4 pages
María Martínez Sierra
entry |2 pages
Chiara Matraini
entry |2 pages
Friederilce Mayröcker
entry |2 pages
Mechthild von Magdeburg
entry |2 pages
Dorothea Mendelssohn-Veit-Schlegel
entry |2 pages
Sophie Mereau
entry |2 pages
Théroigne de Méricourt
entry |2 pages
Aila Meriluoto
entry |2 pages
Charlotte Mew
entry |3 pages
Alice Meynell
entry |2 pages
Louise Michel
entry |2 pages
Jóreiðr Hermundardóttir í Miðjumdal
entry |3 pages
Mary Russell Mitford
entry |2 pages
Nancy Mitford
entry |2 pages
Paula Modersohn-Becker
entry |2 pages
Karin Moe
entry |1 pages
Moero
entry |3 pages
Dolors Monserdà de Macía
entry |2 pages
Elizabeth Montagu
entry |3 pages
Mary Wortley Montagu
entry |3 pages
Anne-Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchesse de Montpensier
entry |2 pages
Giuliana Morandini
entry |2 pages
Elsa Morante
entry |3 pages
Hannah More
entry |3 pages
Irmtraud Morgner
entry |1 pages
Francois Bertaut, Dame Langlois de Motteville
entry |3 pages
(Jean) Iris Murdoch
entry |2 pages
Vera Mutafčieva
letter 14|13 pages
N
entry |3 pages
Christiane Benedikte Eugenie Naubert
entry |2 pages
Ada Negri
entry |2 pages
Margarita Nelken
entry |2 pages
Božena Nĕmcová
entry |1 pages
Aīda Niedra
entry |3 pages
Florence Nightingale
entry |2 pages
Anna-Elizabeth de Noailles (de Brancovan)
entry |2 pages
Isotta Nogarola
entry |2 pages
Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht
entry |2 pages
Nossis
entry |2 pages
Christine Nöstlinger
letter 15|5 pages
O
entry |2 pages
Edna O'Brien
entry |2 pages
Annalena Odaldi
entry |2 pages
Margaret Oliphant
letter 16|24 pages
P
entry |1 pages
Monika van Paemel
entry |2 pages
Vera Panova
entry |2 pages
Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu
entry |1 pages
Larin Paraske
entry |1 pages
Emilia Pardo Bazán
entry |3 pages
Callirhoe Parren
entry |1 pages
Françoise Pascal
entry |2 pages
Margaret Paston
entry |2 pages
Heidi Pataki
entry |3 pages
Karolina Pavlova
entry |1 pages
Caterina Percoto
entry |2 pages
Vibia Perpetua
entry |2 pages
Maria Petijt
entry |2 pages
Katharine Philips
entry |2 pages
Hester Lynch Salsubury Thrale Piozzi
entry |2 pages
Adelheid Popp
entry |2 pages
Jane Porter
entry |1 pages
Beatrix Potter
entry |1 pages
Modesta Pozzo
entry |2 pages
Stanistawa Przybyszewska
entry |1 pages
Barbara Pym
letter 17|3 pages
Q
entry |2 pages
Elena Quiroga
entry |2 pages
Françoise Quoirez
letter 18|25 pages
R
entry |2 pages
Rachilde
entry |3 pages
Ann Ward Radcliffe
entry |2 pages
Radegunde
entry |2 pages
Marie Louise de la Ramée
entry |2 pages
Lea Ráskai
entry |2 pages
Irina Ratushinslcaia
entry |2 pages
Gerlind Reinshagen
entry |2 pages
Mary Renault
entry |2 pages
Franziska von Reventlow
entry |2 pages
Jean Rhys
entry |2 pages
Dorothy Richardson
entry |3 pages
Luise Rinser
entry |2 pages
Lady Anne Thackeray Ritchie
entry |2 pages
Mary Darby Robinson
entry |1 pages
Dames des Roches
entry |2 pages
Edith Rode
entry |2 pages
Christina Rossetti
entry |3 pages
Evdokiia Rostopchina
entry |2 pages
Ulla Ryum
letter 19|73 pages
S
entry |2 pages
Marguerite Hessein de la Sablière
entry |3 pages
Nelly Sachs
entry |3 pages
Vita (Victoria Mary) Sackville-West
entry |1 pages
Barbara Sadowska
entry |2 pages
Cora Sandel
entry |2 pages
Francesco Sanvitale
entry |2 pages
Sappho
entry |2 pages
Galateia Sarantë
entry |2 pages
Nathalie Sarraute
entry |1 pages
Albertine Sarrazin
entry |3 pages
Catherina Anna Maria de Savornin Lohman
entry |2 pages
Dorothy L. Sayers
entry |2 pages
Solveig Margareta von Schoultz
entry |2 pages
Olive Emilie Albertina Schreiner
entry |2 pages
Anna-Maria van Schurman
entry |2 pages
Alice Schwartzer
entry |2 pages
Sibylle Schwarz
entry |2 pages
Annemarie Schwarzenbach
entry |2 pages
Madeleine de Scudéry
entry |2 pages
Anna Seghers
entry |2 pages
Sophie de Ségur
entry |2 pages
Séverine
entry |2 pages
Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, Marquise de Sévigné
entry |2 pages
Anna Sewell
entry |2 pages
Marietta Shaginian
entry |3 pages
Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley
entry |2 pages
Frances Sheridan
entry |3 pages
Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke
entry |2 pages
Ieva Simonaitytė
entry |2 pages
María del Pilar de Sinués de Marco
entry |2 pages
Dame Edith Sitwell
entry |3 pages
Amalie Skram
entry |2 pages
Božena Slančilcová
entry |2 pages
Smara
entry |2 pages
Florence Margaret Smith
entry |1 pages
Edith Irene Södergran
entry |2 pages
Nadezhda Sokhanskaia
entry |2 pages
Mary Somerville
entry |3 pages
Somerville and Ross
entry |2 pages
Joanna Southcott
entry |2 pages
Muriel Spark
entry |2 pages
Maria Luisa Spaziani
entry |2 pages
Adrienne von Speyr
entry |2 pages
Marguerite-Jeanne Cordier de Launay, Baronne de Staal
entry |2 pages
Germaine Necker, Baronne de Staël-Holstein
entry |1 pages
Elsbeth C. Stagel
entry |2 pages
Gaspard Stampa
entry |2 pages
Lucy Hester Stanhope
entry |1 pages
Anna Stanislawska
entry |1 pages
Enid (Mary) Starkie
entry |3 pages
Christina (Ellen) Stead
entry |2 pages
Edith Stein
entry |2 pages
Anne Stevenson
entry |2 pages
Veronika Strēlerte
entry |2 pages
Lorenza Strozzi
entry |2 pages
Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots
entry |1 pages
Sulpicia
entry |2 pages
Margarete Susman
entry |3 pages
Berta von Suttner
entry |1 pages
Henriette de Coligny, Comtesse de La Suze
entry |1 pages
Karin Sveen
entry |2 pages
Magda Szabó
entry |1 pages
Wislawa Szymborslca
letter 20|22 pages
T
entry |2 pages
Arcangela Tarabotti
entry |2 pages
Sabine-Casimir-Amable Voïart Tastu
entry |2 pages
Elizabeth Taylor
entry |2 pages
Emma Tennant
entry |2 pages
Teresa de Cartagena
entry |2 pages
Saint Teresa of Jesus
entry |2 pages
Laura Terracina
entry |2 pages
Maria Tesselschade
entry |1 pages
Anne Teyssiéras
entry |2 pages
Ilse Tielsch
entry |2 pages
Märta Eleonora Tikkanen
entry |2 pages
Tat'iana Tolstaia
entry |2 pages
Flora Célestine Thérese Henriette Tristan
entry |2 pages
Frances Milton Trollope
entry |1 pages
Birgitta Trotzig
entry |3 pages
Marina Tsvetaeva
entry |2 pages
Esther Tusquets
letter 21|10 pages
U
entry |2 pages
Julia Uceda
entry |2 pages
Liesl Ujvary
entry |2 pages
Leonora Christina Ulfeldt
entry |2 pages
Regina Ullmann
entry |2 pages
Umiltà of Faenza
entry |2 pages
Marie Under
entry |3 pages
Sigrid Undset
entry |2 pages
Johanna Charlotte Unzer
letter 22|11 pages
V
entry |2 pages
Helenē Vakalo
entry |2 pages
Helena Valentí
entry |1 pages
Marja-Liisa Vartio
entry |2 pages
Elizabeth vesey
entry |2 pages
Björg Vik
entry |2 pages
Madame de Villedieu
entry |2 pages
Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot Gallon, Dame de Villeneuve
entry |2 pages
Renée Vivien
entry |2 pages
Suzanne Voilquin
entry |2 pages
Henny de Vreede
letter 23|31 pages
W
entry |1 pages
Wallādah bint Al-Mustakfī
entry |2 pages
Maxie Wander
entry |3 pages
Sylvia Townsend Warner
entry |2 pages
Beatrice Potter Webb
entry |2 pages
(Gladys) Mary Webb
entry |3 pages
Simone Weil
entry |2 pages
Fay Weldon
entry |3 pages
Lina Wertmuller
entry |3 pages
Rebecca West
entry |2 pages
Christa Winsloe
entry |5 pages
Christa Wolff
entry |2 pages
Elizabeth Wolff-Bekker
entry |2 pages
Mary Wollstonecraft (Godwin)
entry |3 pages
Virginia Woolf
entry |2 pages
Dorothy Wordsworth
entry |3 pages
Pauline Frederikke Worm
entry |2 pages
Lady Mary Wroth
entry |3 pages
Hella Maria Wuolijoki
letter 24|5 pages
Y
entry |3 pages
Charlotte Mary Yonge
entry |3 pages
Marguerite Yourcenar
letter 25|5 pages
Z
entry |2 pages
María de Zayas y Sotomayor
entry |2 pages
Zemaitė
entry |2 pages
Iulia Zhadovskaia
entry |2 pages
Maria Zhukova