ABSTRACT

• This comprehensive text covers all the traditional topics in a first-semester course.

• Divided into 67 short sections, this book makes the topics easy to digest. Students regularly get positive reinforcement as they check their mastery with exercises at the end of each section.

• Each exercise is based on a humorous riddle. If the answer to a riddle makes sense, students know all their answers for that exercise are correct. If not, they know they need to check their answers.

• Short sections make it easy to customize your course by assigning only those sections needed to fulfill your objectives.

• A comprehensive basic math review at the end of this book may be used to help students whose math skills are rusty.

• Thoroughly field-tested for student interest and comprehension. The short sections and humor-based, self-checking riddles are greatly appreciated by students.

• Contains Part D on effect size, which provides technical solutions to issues raised in Part C (such as the limitations of inferential statistics).

New to this edition:

Section 1: Explains the importance of statistical techniques in the advancement of scientific knowledge.

Section 11: Provides practice with the summation operation before using it in multiple statistical tests.

Section 27: This section on z-scores explains how to translate a percentile rank into a raw score.

Section 30: Underlines the importance of figural representations of data, explains how to identify the most appropriate figure, and discusses how to label figures effectively.

Section 41: Provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between p-values and critical values in a statistical test.

Appendix J: A summary table of all statistical equations and guidelines for choosing a particular statistical test.

Table 1: The format and discussion for the Table of the Normal Curve has been changed to a more conventional presentation of this statistical tool.

chapter 1|6 pages

Why is the Study of Statistics Important?

chapter 2|6 pages

Descriptive Versus Inferential Statistics

chapter 3|6 pages

Scales of Measurement

chapter 4|4 pages

Frequencies, Percentages, and Proportions

chapter 5|4 pages

Introduction to Frequency Distributions

chapter 6|6 pages

Frequency Distribution for Grouped Data

chapter 8|4 pages

Histograms

chapter 9|8 pages

Frequency Polygons

chapter 10|6 pages

Shapes of Distributions

chapter 11|6 pages

Introduction to Summation

chapter 12|6 pages

The Mean: An Average

chapter 13|6 pages

Mean, Median, and Mode

chapter 16|6 pages

A Closer Look at the Standard Deviation

chapter 17|4 pages

Another Look at the Standard Deviation

chapter 18|8 pages

Standard Scores

chapter 19|6 pages

Transformed Standard Scores

chapter 20|4 pages

Standard Scores and the Normal Curve

chapter 21|8 pages

Conceptual Introduction to Correlation

chapter 22|8 pages

Scattergrams

chapter 23|8 pages

Introduction to Sampling

chapter 24|6 pages

A Closer Look at Sampling

chapter 25|6 pages

Introduction to Probability

chapter 26|6 pages

Probability and the Normal Curve

chapter 27|4 pages

Percentiles and the Normal Curve

chapter 28|8 pages

Standard Error of the Mean

chapter 29|6 pages

Confidence Interval for the Mean

chapter 30|10 pages

Appropriate Figures

chapter 31|6 pages

Introduction to the Null Hypothesis

chapter 32|6 pages

Decisions About the Null Hypothesis

chapter 33|4 pages

Introduction to the Pearson r

chapter 34|6 pages

Computation of the Pearson r

chapter 35|4 pages

Significance of a Pearson r

chapter 36|6 pages

Coefficient of Determination

chapter 37|6 pages

Multiple Correlation

chapter 38|8 pages

Introduction to Linear Regression

chapter 39|6 pages

Computations for Linear Regression

chapter 40|8 pages

z Test for One Sample

chapter 41|4 pages

When to Reject the Null Hypothesis

chapter 42|6 pages

One-Tailed Versus Two-Tailed Tests

chapter 43|6 pages

Introduction to the t Test

chapter 44|8 pages

Computation of t for Independent Data

chapter 45|6 pages

Reporting the Results of t Tests

chapter 46|8 pages

Computation of t for Dependent Data

chapter 47|6 pages

Introduction to Analysis of Variance

chapter 48|8 pages

Computations for a One-Way ANOVA

chapter 49|6 pages

Tukey's HSD Test

chapter 50|6 pages

Scheffé's Test

chapter 51|10 pages

Introduction to Two-Way ANOVA

chapter 53|6 pages

Introduction to Chi-Square

chapter 54|6 pages

Computations for a One-Way Chi-Square

chapter 55|8 pages

Computations for a Two-Way Chi-Square

chapter 56|6 pages

Cramér's Phi

chapter 57|4 pages

Median Test

chapter 58|6 pages

Mann-Whitney U Test

chapter 59|8 pages

Wilcoxon's Matched-Pairs Test

chapter 62|8 pages

Limitations of Inferential Statistics: I

chapter 63|6 pages

Limitations of Inferential Statistics: II

chapter 64|6 pages

Statistical Versus Practical Significance

chapter 65|6 pages

Introduction to Effect Size (d)

chapter 66|6 pages

Interpretation of Effect Size (d)

chapter 67|6 pages

Effect Size and Correlation (r)

chapter |22 pages

Basic Math Review

chapter |2 pages

B. Notes on Interpreting the Pearson r

chapter C|2 pages

Definition Formula for the Pearson r

chapter |2 pages

D. Spearman's rho

chapter |2 pages

E. Standard Error of Estimate

chapter |2 pages

H. Computation of the Precise Median

chapter I|4 pages

A Closer Look at Effect Size

chapter |4 pages

J. Summary of Statistical Equations

chapter |22 pages

Tables