American Countercultures: An Encyclopedia of Nonconformists, Alternative Lifestyles, and Radical Ideas in U.S. History

Abbey, Edward (1927-1989)

Abolitionism

Abraham Lincoln Brigade

Absinthe

A bstract Expressionism

Acid Rock

Advertising

African Americans

Afrocentrism

Alcoholics Anonymous

Alcott, Amos Bronson (1799-1888)

Algonquim Round Table

Ali, Muhammad (1942-)

Alice's Restaurant

Alison, Francis (1705-1779)

Altamont Free Concert

Amana Society

American Indian Movement

Amish

Amphetamines and Speed Freaks

Anarchism

Anarchist Cookbook, The

Anderson, Laurie (1947-)

Anderson, Margaret (1886-1973)

Andrews, Stephen Pearl (1812-1886)

Animal Magnetism

Anti-Freemasonry

Anti-Globalization Movement

Antinomianism

Anti–Vietnam War Movement

Apocalypse Culture

Apple Computer

Armory Show

Aryan Nations

Ashcan School

Asian Pride

Astrology

Atheism

Aurora Commune

Austin, Texas

Baby Boomers

Backus, Isaac (1724-1806)

Baez, Joan (1941-)

Baker, Chet (1929-1988)

Baker, George

Baker, Josephine (1906-1975)

Baldwin, James (1924-1987)

Baldwin, Roger (1884-1981)

Baraka, Amiri (1934-)

Barnes, Djuna (1892-1982)

Barnum, P.T. (1810-1891)

Beach, Sylvia (1887-1962)

Beat Generation

Beatles, The

Bebop

Be-Ins

Bellamy, Edward (1850-1898)

Ben & Jerry's

Berkeley, California

Berkeley, University of California

Berkman, Alexander (1870-1936)

Berlin Heights Commune

Berrigan, Daniel (1921-), and Philip Berrigan (1923-2002)

Bethel Commune

Bicycles

Bierce, Ambrose (1842-1914?)

Biker Culture

Birth Control Pill

Black Arts Movement

Black Mountain College

Black Muslims

Black Panthers

Black Power Movement

Blavatsky, Helena (1831-1891)

Bloggers

Blue Man Group

Blues Music

Body Arts

Bohemianism

Bookstores, Alternative

Boston Marriages

Bowery B'hoys and G'hals

Bowie, David (1947-)

Branch Davidians

Brando, Marlon (1924-2004)

Brautigan, Richard (1935-1984)

Brisbane, Albert (1809-1890)

Broadside

Brook Farm

Brown, H. Rap (1943-)

Brown Berets

Brownson, Orestes (1803-1876)

Bruce, Lenny (1925-1966)

Buddhism

Bukowski, Charles (1920-1994)

Buntline, Ned (c. 1823-1886)

Burning Man Festival

Burns, Otway (1775-1850)

Burroughs, William S. (1914-1997)

Cambridge, Massachusetts

Carlin, George (1937-2008)

Carmichael, Stokely (1941-1998)

Carroll, Jim (1950-)

Carson, Rachel (1907-1964)

Cash, Johnny (1932-2003)

Castaneda, Carlos (1925-1998)

Catcher in the Rye, The

Catholic Worker Movement

Cbgb

Cedar Tavern

Chautauqua Movement

Chávez, César (1927-1993)

Cheech and Chong

Chelsea Hotel

Cherry Lane Theatre

Chicago Seven

Chicano Moratorium

Chicano Movement

Chicano Theater

Chick, Jack (1924-)

Chomsky, Noam (1928-)

Christian Science

Circus and Carnival Culture

City College of New York

City Lights Books

Civil Rights Movement

Claflin, Tennessee (1846-1923)

Clapp, Henry (1814-1875)

Clare, Ada (1836?-1874)

Cocaine

Coffeehouses

Cointelpro

Collins, Judy (1939-)

Columbia University

Come-Outers

Comics, Underground

Communes

Communism

Communitarianism

Con Artists

Conceptual Art

Conroy, Jack (1898-1990)

Conscientious Objectors, Draft Dodgers, and Deserters

Consciousness Raising

Conspiracy Theories

Cooperatives, Consumer

Cooperatives, Producer

Coyote, Peter (1941-)

Crumb, Robert (1943-)

Cults

Cummings, E.E. (1894-1962)

Cushman, Charlotte (1816-1876)

Cyberpunk

Daughters of Bilitis

Davis, Andrew Jackson (1826-1910)

Davis, Angela (1944-)

Davis, Miles (1926-1991)

Dean, James (1931-1955)

Debs, Eugene V. (1855-1926)

Deep Ecology

Deganawidah (ca. 1500-ca. 1600)

Delany, Martin R. (1812-1885)

Democratic Party

Dial, The

Dick, Philip K. (1928-1982)

Disco

Doonesbury

Doors, The

Douglass, Frederick (c. 1818-1895)

Draft, Military

Draft Dodgers

Drag

Drifters

Drug Culture

Du Bois, W.E.B. (1868-1963)

Dyer, Mary (c. 1611-1660)

Dylan, Bob (1941-)

East Village, New York City

Eastman, Max (1883-1969), and Crystal Eastman (1881-1928)

Easy Rider

Eckankar

Ecstasy

Electrical Bananas

Ellison, Harlan (1934-)

Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1803-1882)

Emo and Hardcore

Encounter Groups

Environmentalism

Ephrata Cloister

Erhard Seminars Training (est)

Esalen Institute

Eugene, Oregon

Evergreen Review

Existentialism

Exorcism

Expatriates, American

Extrasensory Perception and Parapsychology

Fanzines

Farm, The

Farmers' Alliance

Fashion

Father Divine (ca. 1877-1965)

Federal Art Project

Federal Theatre Project

Federal Writers' Project

Feminism, First-Wave

Feminism, Second-Wave

Feminism, Third-Wave

Feminism, Social Justice

Ferlinghetti, Lawrence (1919-)

Fetish Culture

Film, Cult

Film, Hollywood

Film, Independent

Fitzgerald, F. Scott (1896-1940)

Fitzgerald, Zelda (1900-1948)

Flappers and Flapper Culture

Flower Children

Folk Music

Foster, Charles H. (1838-1888)

Fox, Kate (1838-1892), Leah Fox (1814-1890), and Margaret Fox (1833-1893)

Freaks, Freak Shows, and Freakatoriums

Free Love

Free Speech Movement

Free Universities

Freemasonry

Friedan, Betty (1921-2006)

Fruitlands

Fugs, The

Fuller, Margaret (1810-1850)

Fuller, R. Buckminster (1895-1983)

Fundamentalism, Christian

Gangs and Gang Culture

Gangsta Rap

Gangsters

Garrison, William Lloyd (1805-1879)

Garvey, Marcus (1887-1940)

Gay Liberation Movement

Gaye, Marvin (1939-1984)

Generation Gap

Generation X

Generation Y

Ghost Dance

Ginsberg, Allen (1926-1997)

Glam Rock

Goldman, Emma (1869-1940)

Gonzales, Rodolfo "Corky" (1928-2005)

Gonzo Journalism

Gorton, Samuel (ca. 1592-1677)

Goth Culture

Graffiti

Graham, Sylvester (1794-1851)

Grange, National

Grateful Dead

Gray Panthers

Great Depression

Greeley, Horace (1811-1872)

Green Party

Greening of America, The

Greenwich Village, New York City

Gregory, Dick (1932-)

Groupies

Grunge Rock

Guerrilla Girls

Guerrilla Theater

Guthrie, Woody (1912-1967)

Hackers

Haight-Ashbury, San Francisco

Hair

Happenings

Hare Krishna

Harlem Renaissance

Harmonialism

Harmony Society

Harris, Thomas Lake (1823-1906)

Hasidim and Hasidism

Hatch, Cora Scott (1840-1923)

Hawthorne, Nathaniel (1804-1864)

Haywood, William "Big Bill" (1869-1928)

Health Foods

Heaven's Gate

Heavy Meta

Hecker, Isaac (1819-1888)

Hefner, Hugh (1926-)

Hells Angels

Hemingway, Ernest (1899-1961)

Hendrix, Jimi (1942-1970)

Heroin

Hester, Carolyn (1937-)

Hiawatha

Hip-Hop

Hippies

Hitchhiking

Hoffman, Abbie (1936-1989)

Holiday, Billie (1915-1959)

Hooks, bell (1952-)

Hopper, Dennis (1936-)

Hot-Rodding

Houdini, Harry (1874-1926)

Hughes, Langston (1902-1967)

Hurston, Zora Neale (ca. 1891-1960)

Hutchinson, Anne (1591-1643)

Huxley, Aldous (1894-1963)

Icarians

Indie Rock

Industrial Workers of the World

Ingersoll, Robert (1833-1899)

Internet

James, C.L.R. (1901-1989)

Jazz

Jefferson Airplane

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jemison, Mary (1743-1833)

Jesus People

Jews

Jews for Jesus

John Birch Society

John Reed Clubs

Joplin, Janis (1943-1970)

Kerouac, Jack (1922-1969)

Kesey, Ken (1935-2001)

King, Martin Luther, Jr. (1929-1968)

Kitchen, The

Knights of the Golden Circle

Ku Klux Klan

Kunstler, William (1919-1995)

Latino and Latina Culture

Le Sueur, Meridel (1900-1996)

Leary, Timothy (1920-1996)

Lee, Ann (1736-1784)

Lennon, John (1940-1980)

Lesbian Culture

Liberator, The

Lippmann, Walter (1889-1974)

Living Theatre

London, Jack (1876-1916)

Los Angeles

Lost Generation

Lovecraft, H.P. (1890-1937)

Love-Ins

Lowriders

Lsd

Ludlow, Fitz Hugh (1836-1870)

Luhan, Mabel Dodge (1879-1962)

Lumpkin, Grace (ca. 1891-1980)

Lyceum Movement

Macfadden, Bernarr (1868-1955)

Mad

Madison, Wisconsin

Mafia

Magazines, Little

Magic and Magicians

Malcolm X (1925-1965)

Manson Family

Mapplethorpe, Robert (1946-1989)

Marcuse, Herbert (1898-1979)

Marijuana

Masses, The

Mattachine Society

Max, Peter (1937-)

Mc5

McCarthy, Eugene (1916-2005)

McCarthyism

McKenna, Terence (1946-2000)

McLuhan, Marshall (1911-1980)

McPherson, Aimee Semple (1890-1944)

Me Decade

Media, Alternative

Medicine, Alternative

Medieval Reenactment

Menken, Adah Isaacs (1835-1868)

Mennonites

Men's Movements

Merry Pranksters

Mesmerism

Millay, Edna St. Vincent (1892-1950)

Miller, Henry (1891-1980)

Miller, William (1782-1849)

Mills, C. Wright (1916-1962)

Mod

Mod Squad, The

Modern Times

Mole People

Moonies

Moore, Michael (1954-)

Moravians

Mormonism

Morrison, Jim (1943-1971)

Morrison, Toni (1931-)

Morton, Thomas (c. 1576-1647)

Mother Jones

Motherfuckers, The

Movimiento Estudiantíl Chicano de Aztlán

Ms.

Mtv

Muscle Beach

Nader, Ralph (1934-)

Naropa University

Nation, The

National Lampoon

Native American Church

Native Americans

Neolin (ca. 1720-ca. 1766)

New Age

New Harmony, Indiana

New Left

New Religious Movements

New School, The

New Thought

New York Realists

Newport Folk Festival

Newton, Huey (1942-1989)

Noyes, John Humphrey (1811-1886)

Nudism and Nudist Colonies

Nuyorican Poets Café

N.w.a.

Oberlin College

O' Brien, Fitz-James (1828-1862)

Ochs, Phil (1940-1976)

O' Hair, Madalyn Murray

O' Keeffe, Georgia (1887-1986)

Omphalism

Oneida Community

O' Neill, Eugene (1888-1953)

Onion, The

Organic Farming

Organized Crime

Outsider Art

Outsider Music

Owen, Robert Dale (1801-1877)

Pacifica Radio

Pacifism

Palahniuk, Chuck (1962-)

Palmer, Phoebe (1807-1874)

Patchen, Kenneth (1911-1972)

Peace and Freedom Party

Pentecostalism

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals

Peoples Temple

Perfectionist Movement

Performance Art

Performance Space 122

Peter, Paul and Mary

Peyote

Pfaff's Cellar

Phish

Physical Culture Movement

Pilgrims

Pill, The

Piñero, Miguel (1946-1988)

Pirate Radio

Pirsig, Robert M. (1928-)

Poe, Edgar Allan (1809-1849)

Polar Bear Clubs

Pop, Iggy (1947-)

Pop Art

Populism

Pornography

Poster Art

Pound, Ezra (1885-1972)

Presley, Elvis (1935-1977)

Presses, Small Book

Priestley, Joseph (1733-1804)

Prohibition

Provincetown Players

Pryor, Richard (1940-2005)

Pseudoscience

Psychedelia

Psychobilly

Public Enemy

Pulp Fiction

Punk Rock

Puritans

Purple, Adam (ca. 1932-)

Pynchon, Thomas (1937-)

Quakers

Queer Nation

Radio

Ramones, The

Rand, Ayn (1905-1982)

Randolph, A. Philip (1889-1979)

Rankin, Jeannette (1880-1973)

Rapp, George

Rap Music

Rastafari Movement

Rave Culture

Ray, Man (1890-1976)

Realist, The

Recycling

Reed, John (1887-1920)

Reed, Lou (1942-)

Regulators

Reich, Wilhelm (1897-1957)

R.e.m.

Rexroth, Kenneth (1905-1982)

Rice, Thomas Dartmouth (1808-1860)

Riot Grrrl

Ripley, George (1802-1880)

Rivers, Larry (1923-2002)

Robbins, Tom (1936-)

Robeson, Paul (1898-1976)

Rock and Roll

Rocky Horror Picture Show, The

Role-Playing Games

Rolling Stone

Rolling Stones, The

Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In

Rubin, Jerry (1938-1994)

Sacco and Vanzetti Case

Salem Witch Trials

Salinger, J.D. (1919-)

San Francisco

Sanger, Margaret (1879-1966)

Santería

Saxton, Alexander P. (1919-)

Schools, Alternative and Experimental

Science Fiction

Scientology

Seattle

Seeger, Pete (1919-)

Settlement Houses

Seven Arts, The

Sex Trade and Prostitution

Sexual Revolution

Shakers

Shakur, Tupac (1971-1996)

Simpsons, The

Sinclair, Upton (1878-1968)

Ska

Skateboarders

Skinheads

Slang

Slave Culture

Sloan, John (1871-1951)

Slow Movement

Smith, Joseph (1805-1844)

Smith, Patti (1946-)

Smoking, Tobacco

Smothers Brothers

Snoop Dogg (1971-)

Snyder, Gary (1930-)

Social Gospel

Socialism

South Park

Spiritualism

Spock, Benjamin (1903-1998)

Sports

Squatters and Squatting

Stein, Gertrude (1874-1946)

Steinem, Gloria

Straight Edge Culture

Streaking

Students for a Democratic Society

Studio 54

Suffragists

Surfing and Surfer Culture

Surrealists

Survivalists

Swedenborgianism

Talking Heads

Taos, New Mexico

Television

Temperance Movement

Theater, Alternative

Theosophy

Thompson, Hunter S.

Thoreau, Henry David (1817-1862)

Tramps and Hoboes

Transcendenta Meditation

Transcendentalism

Transsexuals

Transvestites

Trekkies

Turner, Nat (1800-1831)

Twain, Mark (1835-1910)

UFOs

Unabomber

Underground Railroad

Unification Church

Unitarianism

United Farm Workers

Universal Negro Improvement Association

Up Against the Wall Motherfucker

Utopianism

Vegetarianism

Velvet Underground

Venice, California

Vietnam War Protests

Village Voice, The

Volkswagen Beetle

Vonnegut, Kurt, Jr. (1922-2007)

Voodoo, Hoodoo, and Conjure

Vorse, Mary Heaton (1874-1966)

Walden

Ward, Nancy (c. 1738-1822)

Warhol, Andy (1928-1987)

Waters, John (1946-)

Watson, Thomas E. (1856-1922)

Watts, Alan (1915-1973)

Wavy Gravy (1936-)

Weatherman

White Supremacists

Whitman, Walt (1819-1892)

Whole Earth Catalog

Wilkinson, Jemima (1752-1819)

Williams, Roger (c. 1603-1683)

Witchcraft and Wicca

Wobblies

Woodhull, Victoria (1838-1927)

Woodstock Music and Art Fair

Woolman, John (1720-1772)

Wright, Frances (1795-1852)

Wright, Richard (1908-1960)

X-Files, The

Yippies

Yoga

Young, Brigham (1801-1877)

Zappa, Frank (1940-1993)

Zines

Zoarites

Zoot-Suiters