ABSTRACT

North America Before the European Invasions tells the histories of North American peoples from first migrations in the Late Glacial Age, sixteen thousand years ago or more, to the European invasions following Columbus’s arrival. Contrary to invaders’ propaganda, North America was no wilderness, and its peoples had developed a variety of sophisticated resource uses, including intensive agriculture and cities in Mexico and the Midwest. Written in an easy-flowing style, the book is a true history although based primarily on archeological material. It reflects current emphasis within archaeology on rejecting the notion of “pre”-history, instead combining archaeology with post-Columbian ethnographies and histories to present the long histories of North America’s native peoples, most of them still here and still part of the continent’s history.

chapter |6 pages

Introduction: History Without Documents

chapter 1|13 pages

First Americans

chapter 2|21 pages

The Archaic Period, 7000–1000 BCE

chapter 3|15 pages

Nuclear America

chapter 4|17 pages

Classical Era

chapter 5|9 pages

Early Woodland, 1000–100 BCE

chapter 6|11 pages

Middle Woodland, 100 bce–400 CE

chapter 7|19 pages

The West Coast

chapter 8|20 pages

Late Woodland, to 1600 CE

chapter 10|21 pages

The American Southwest

chapter 11|15 pages

The Interior West

chapter 12|14 pages

The North

chapter 13|17 pages

Overview: North America, 1600

chapter 14|19 pages

Issues and Puzzles