ABSTRACT
Mapping concepts refer to an individual's level or ability to represent objects of space in his or her own environment. Like many other subject areas, the concept of maps and mapping stems from infancy and early childhood and emanates from an infant's experience with objects in space. In creating and designing maps, map-makers have to consider scale, context, and distortion. Clearly, one common way to approach map design is to create one's own maps of a neighborhood or community. Like concepts of number, knowledge of maps stems from infancy and early childhood and emanates from an infant's or young child's experience with objects in space. A good story doesn't just have interesting characters and a gripping plot. When a reader is captivated by a story, a mental map is quickly formulated. A network topology is an abbreviated construct in the form of a diagram or simplified map that allows the reader or viewer to make sense of geographical layouts.
