ABSTRACT
Kruger (1997) described some French Lutetian marsupiate echinoids and some from the Danian in the Netherlands. Liao and Lin (1981) described a Pliocene marsupiate echinoid, Tetradiella, from Guangxi, in southwestern-most China, an undoubtedly warmwater region. Jeffery (1997) noted that nonplanktotrophy in echinoids rst appears in the late Campanian and that marsupia may have more to do with a seasonal food supply than with cold water. He also observed that female gonopore size and c-axis calcite plate orientations are useful in sexing echinoids. Van der Ham (1988) described some Early Paleocene marsupiate echinoids from the Maastricht region. Jagt and van der Ham (1994) described some Paleocene marsupiate regular echinoids from Belgium and concluded that they represent factors other than a coldwater environment. Néraudeau et al. (2003) described some Redonian marsupiate echinoids from northwestern France and made a case for correlation with coldwater environments. Kier (1969, 1987) illustrated an Eocene marsupiate from Georgia and provided an excellent discussion concerning fossil marsupiate echinoids (Kier, 1967). Roman (1976) described some Miocene marsupiate echinoids from Quatar. Poulia and Feral (1996) suggested that the presence of Antarctic marsupiates may reect a more seasonal food supply rather than having anything to do with low temperatures.
