ABSTRACT
Muslim women activists in Indonesia frame discriminatory Islamic practices and interpretation by portraying them as violating human rights ideas and fundamental Islamic principles. At the same time, they synthesize ideas on human rights with Islamic principles and apply these newly formed ideas to resolve concrete difficulties confronting women in their communities. The law marked a significant win for Indonesian women activists who, since the early 1990s, had established women's crisis centers that offered refuge for battered women, counseling services for violent spouses, and tracked data on cases of gender-based violence. Several Indonesian practitioners have explained that consensus between women's rights actors and Muslim women activists, with support from key religious elites, were pivotal in both shaping the law and its passage. Muslim women activists and secular feminists sought consensus-seeking solutions to adapt the United Nation's framework on gender-based violence to fit the local legal context.
