Chapter 6 examines the changing relationship between Adivasis, state and the Naxalites within the discourse of development and deprivation. It discusses whether the marginalised position has led the Adivasis to align with or move closer to the militant groups such as the Naxalites in the eastern Indian state of Odisha. It explores whether the state and the Naxalites have any role in unleashing and structuring community conflicts. It also critically examines the role of the state and Naxalites in Adivasi development.