This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book is concerned with the following aspects: analysis of primary position validation in Electronic Chart Display and Information System, comparison between simulator modelled and empirical ship squat prediction, and statistical analysis of the real surface currents and wind parameters for the Szczecin Lagoon. It describes problems related to inland, costal, port and offshore innovations covering: a novel algorithm for modelling human decision making of inbound merchant ships. The book deals with new perspective for communication systems. It provides a review of Navigational Data and VHF Data Exchange System as upgrades of maritime communication systems; and detained vessels under Paris MoU: implementation of Global Maritime distress Safety System. The book also describes variety of challenges in safety of sea transportation: theoretical research on mass exchange between an autonomous transport module and the environment in the process of transport from the seabed.