ABSTRACT
As mentioned in the previous chapter, there are numerous variations, extensions, and elaborations
of the one-way analysis of variance technique. In this chapter, we discuss one such technique, analysis of
covariance, which can be used to improve research design efficiency by adjusting the effect of variables
that are related to the dependent variable. We begin by examining a basic comparison between analysis of
variance and analysis of covariance, followed by the specific details of analysis of covariance.