Between Anti- and Another Modernity

Grzegorz Krzywiec writes about Catholic antisemitism in Poland in the decades before the First World War, when a new Catholic Judeophobia and burgeoning nationalist antisemitism arose and developed in parallel. The two traditions reinforced one another throughout the long nineteenth century. During the last twenty years of the nineteenth century, the character of Catholic hostile neutrality in the face of aggressive anti-Jewish demagoguery underwent a significant change. What began as a marginal tendency among small but ideologically determined groups increasingly came to dominate the whole of Catholic public opinion in Polish lands.