Antonio Negri's theory of revolutionary subjectivity emerged through his involvement in Italian post-war politics, and the Operaismo current of Marxist theory that developed in Italy during that time. Negri developed his theory of proletarian self-valorisation via the passages in Karl Marx's Grundrisse entitled small-scale circulation. Spinoza gave Negri the tools for finding a way out of the destructive impasse of his earlier theory of self-valorisation, allowing him to cope with defeat and isolation and go beyond them. Negri's mature theory emerged through his co-authored work with Michael Hardt, particularly in their works Empire, Multitude, and Commonwealth. According to Hardt and Negri although in any type of society there might be a number of different forms of labouring practices, there is always nevertheless one that serves as a vortex that gradually transforms other figures to adopt its central qualities. An exploration of the common is similar to what Hardt and Negri call the establishment of revolutionary parallelisms.