ABSTRACT

T he authors gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation, and from the Irving H. Heilman, Jr. Memorial Fund Grant o f the Stanford Law Review. We thank the trial judges, jurors, and lawyers who participated in this study. Professor Phoebe Ellsworth, Elizabeth DeAvila, Lizann Schloff, and Gary Alpert, all o f Stanford University, provided invaluable assistance during the course o f the study. We also thank Barbara Babcock, Miguel Mendez, and David Rosenhan for their helpful comments.