ABSTRACT
Argentine and Bolivian hemorrhagic fevers (AHF, BHF) are severe diseases produced by Junin and Machupo viruses. The etiologic agents of AHF and BHF belong to the family Arenaviridae and are associated with cricetine rodents that are their natural reservoirs. The clinical manifestations of AHF and BHF are very similar, with hematologic, neurologic, cardiovascular, renal, and immunologic alterations. A few and simple laboratory tests revealing leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, proteinuria, and a normal sedimentation rate are very helpful in establishing an early clinical diagnosis of AHF or BHF. During the first week of illness, the clinical manifestations of AHF and BHF are nonspecific and can be confused with several acute febrile conditions. A few routine tests are sufficient to establish an early clinical diagnosis. Post-mortem studies in cases of AHF and BHF have shown similar nonspecific alterations consistent in widespread congestion, edema, and hemorrhages.
