ABSTRACT

The structural details of most biological assembly processes are unknown, as this would require a high-speed video-microscope capable of nanometer spatial resolution. The primary interactions governing protein structure formation were stated to be peptide-bond angle restrictions, with ionic, dipole and hydrophobic interactions, and H-bonding the primarily interactions responsible. Chaperonins provide a fertile and fascinating field for the study of biological structure formation. Specific interactions between monomer units, such as surface patches that interact with other monomer units, also determine what structures may form. Fractal structures can result from random assembly of identical subunits in a relatively unrestricted environment. Solvent and solute molecules are constantly in motion, colliding with each other. Deoxyribonucleic acids wraps around a positively charged sphere to a point that the structure becomes significantly negatively charged. Hierarchical structure requires hierarchical construction, starting from assembly of amino acid and nucleotide units to make protein and nucleic acid polymers.