This chapter describes the methods and findings of a comprehensive needs assessment conducted during the first year of the Social Work Education Enhancement Program, the US Agency for International Development, government representatives, eight universities in Vietnam, and a private sector technology partner—Cisco Systems. It summarizes the principles underlying the needs assessment and its purpose, the methodologies used, and the findings. The chapter explores the implications to assessing the capacity of educational systems for social work internationally, and for other fields where there is an emerging educational infrastructure. Qualitative methods were used to conduct the needs assessment. The methodological steps involved in the needs assessment were: identify the required dimensions of information and develop interview protocols for stakeholders; identify stakeholder respondents; complete interviews and focus groups; organize and analyze data; and report preliminary results to stakeholders and elicit feedback. The needs assessment provided detailed information about the expressed needs of administrators and faculty and perspectives of students and regional service agencies.