ABSTRACT
Official exchanges of scientists and engineers between the United States and the Soviet Union date back to the late 1950s. This chapter describes the process by which the Science and Technology (S&T) Agreement and its activities were negotiated, with special attention to the objectives and expectations of both countries. The main objective of the S&T Agreement as stated in Articles 1 and 2 was to combine the efforts of scientists in the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and to promote the progress of science and technology for the benefit of both countries and of mankind. To many observers, the S&T Agreement appeared to be designed to serve as an umbrella agreement, for shortly thereafter three additional cooperative agreements were signed—space affairs, the environment, and health and medicine—the format and organization of which were modeled after the S&T Agreement.
