Not much academic research has been done on the subject of lobbying by the Arab Gulf states and how their lobbying could have influenced relations with the United States. Available studies have revolved around Arab Gulf-American relations or on Arab Americans and their attempts to get organized so as to influence US government policies. Bard's book is an embodiment of Edward Saeed's Orientalism where anything pertaining to the region is viewed from a perspective that is influenced by political considerations. Another aspect in the work of Bard is the indoctrination argument, where, in one chapter, he points to Jimmy Carter as being part of the Arab lobby. The other book, The Arab Lobby and the Two States Solution, written by an Arab American scholar, Khalil Marrar, solely focuses on attempts to push the two states-solution and does not look at Arab Gulf states specifically or investigate the potential of Arab Gulf lobbying.