This chapter talks about Baruch Spinoza an excommunicated Dutch Jew, was one of the most radical philosophers of the seventeenth century. Unlike the materialist Thomas Hobbes, his English contemporary, Spinoza believed that all reality was a manifestation of the divine. In these two excerpts from his works, Spinoza denies the existence of the Devil. In his treatise God, Man, and His Well-Being, written in the early 1660s, Spinoza argues that the Devil could find no place in a pantheistic universe, since he is the antithesis of a God who comprises all of reality. In the second excerpt, a letter to a nobleman who had accused him of being ensnared by the Devil, Spinoza argues that such a claim is incompatible with the belief in an infinite and eternal God. This view represents an extension of the argument presented by some theologians, especially Protestants, that attributing power to the Devil denies the sovereignty of God.