ABSTRACT

Over the past century, the outward expression of ethnic/racial prejudice toward most socio-cultural groups has evolved in many societies. Specifically, the once completely normal overt expression of negative attitudes toward members of other ethnic groups became largely unacceptable, socially inappropriate, and thus quite rare (again, toward most ethnic/racial groups). The biases of the past, however, did not completely disappear from the minds or behavior of many individuals. Instead, their expression morphed in ways that have required social psychologists to invent and/or embrace new methodologies to study them.