ABSTRACT
The pre-lining construction method is a preparative operation where the face of the tunnel is lined with a thin shell before excavation. The pre-lining method (PASS method) was developed and applied to soft natural soil in construction of the Katsutadai tunnel of the Toyou Express Line and the Takaiwa tunnel of the Tohoku Shinkansen Line. This report presents the findings acquired during the construction of both tunnels.
