Cognitive therapists and rational emotive therapists focus on logical reasoning and behavioural practice as the lever out of pathological states of mind. This chapter focuses on the case for separate competencies, and explores the degree to which integration of these separate mentalities can and does take place. Logical reasoning is a separate talent that may be "recruited in" to a social mentality. Mentalities are directly linked to psychobiological state. The idea of a personal self is central to very many schools of psychological theorising. The idea that biosocial goal has a different, innate mentality, which involves a special way of appraising, evaluating, structuring and constructing role relationships is crucial. As the self grows, there is a gradual unfolding of competencies which allows the child to understand and enact increasingly complex species roles. A social mentality provides instruction about what to attend to in self and the other and what to exhibit, or display in order to fulfil a particular role.