ABSTRACT
The combination of mental, neurologic, and physical handicap results in urinary symptoms and incontinence and is relatively common in patients with cerebral palsy. In cerebellar ataxia, the cerebellum and/or the pathways connecting the cerebellum with other parts of the nervous system undergo progressive, premature neuronal death and atrophy. The result is a heterogeneous spectrum of motor abnormalities that manifests as an abnormal broad-based gait, incoordination, tremor, dysarthria, and motor and autonomic dysfunction. Some studies have found that urinary dysfunction in patients with genetically defined causes of spinocerebellar ataxia was very rare. Urodynamic abnormality, either an overactive, underactive detrusor, or detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, was identified in 87% of patients, and 61% of them had Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-related neurologic problems. Neurocutaneous syndromes encompass a number of hereditary conditions involving nervous system, eyeball, retina, and skin. They present in childhood and slowly progress through adolescence. Incontinence is the most reported lower urinary tract symptoms in epilepsy, followed by urgency, frequency, retention, and hesitancy.
