ABSTRACT
In this chapter we discuss the concept of sustainable development and the specific implications for a biobased economy. We use a systemic view based on resource availability as we see limited resources as the main challenge when agriculture is going to produce food for a rapidly expanding population, and replace part of the 20th century’s fossil oil and mineral resources as a source for energy and raw materials. Further, the need to solve multiple problems interrelated in a complex way requires a systemic approach. We discuss central challenges required to develop sustainable practices in agriculture and biorefinery, and propose solutions based on recycling and agro-ecosystem diversity. Further we discuss challenges in assessing progress made towards sustainable development. We conclude that a paradigm shift is needed now and that steering sustainable development will require prospective scenario tools like backcasting.
