ABSTRACT
Aerobic biological processes occur in many compartments of the biosphere and are facilitated by diverse organisms ranging from fungi and bacteria to terrestrial and marine plants. Understanding the effects of these aerobic processes on isotopic fractionation has tremendous practical applications for many scientists including ecologists, microbiologists, hydrogeologists, and geochemists. This chapter will focus on carbon isotopic fractionation but will also explore the applications of oxygen, hydrogen, and chlorine isotope measurements in aerobic environments.
