This chapter traces the reasons for border contention between India and China. Sriparna Pathak discusses the Chinese understanding of sovereignty. The chapter gives us useful insights to evaluate the nature of the border dispute between China and India. It is to be noted that China, due to its economic might and strategic depth, is drawing the attention of IR scholars. One of the often-discussed themes is how India-China relations will unravel in the future. These two Asian powers have unsettled border issues and also had a war in 1962. The chapter will offer some answers to those who are trying to analyse the India-China border dispute.