ABSTRACT
December 1848-1916 Reign of Franz Joseph 1849 Kremsier Parliament dissolved (March); Hungarian
Declaration of Independence (April); Vilagos (August) 1850 Creation of Austro-Hungarian customs union 1859-61 Austria loses Franco-Austrian War; Reichsrat meets 1866-7 Austria loses Austro-Prussian War; Austro-
Hungarian compromise 1875-90 Kalman Tisza in power in Hungary 1879 Austro-German alliance; fall of Austro-German
liberal cabinet; clerical-Slav coalition under Taaffe (1879-93)
1882 Czech University of Prague 1897 Badeni decrees; crisis of constitutionalism in Austria 1903-9 Constitutional crisis in Hungary 1907 Universal suffrage in Austria 1914-18 First World War; end of Habsburg monarchy (1918) 1919 Paris peace conference; succession states; Bolshevik
revolution in Hungary 1938 Nazi Germany annexes Austria and Sudetenland 1939-45 Second World War; Reich protectorate of Bohemia-
Moravia 1948 Communist coup in Prague 1956 Hungarian Revolution; Kadar takes power 1968 Prague Spring; Warsaw pact countries invade
Czechoslovakia; Husak takes power (1969)
The Balkans: Romania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Albania
C6-C7 Arrival of south Slavs 1389 Battle of Kosovo; Turks cripple medieval Serbian state 1690 Chief Serb migration from Turkish rule to Hungary 1711-1822 Greek Phanariot regime in the Romanian
principalities 1774 Treaty of Kutchuk-Kainardji; Russian protectorate
over Ottoman Orthodox
1804-17 First Serbian insurrection begins; Serbia gains autonomy
1821-9 Vladimirescu’s revolt; Treaty of Adrianople 1835 First modern Bulgarian school 1848 Revolution in Wallachia 1853-6 Crimean War; Hatisherif of 1856 (Tanzimat) 1859 Unification of Romania 1860s First Balkan alliance system 1870 Bulgarian exarchate 1875-8 Near Eastern crisis; Bosnian revolt; Bulgarian revolt;
Serbo-Turkish War; Russo-Turkish War 1878 Treaty of Berlin; Serbia and Romania independent:
Bulgaria autonomous; Austrian occupation of Bosnia-Hercegovina
1881 Austro-Serb secret treaty; Austro-Romanian secret treaty (1883)
1885-6 Serbo-Bulgarian war 1903 Assassination of King Alexander Obrenovic; return
of Karadjordjevic dynasty 1905-6 University of Belgrade; University of Sofia;
SerboCroat Coalition 1905-11 Austro-Serb ‘Pig War’ 1908 Austria annexes Bosnia; Bulgaria independent 1912-13 Balkan wars; Albania independent (1913) 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated at Sarajevo 1918 Formation of Yugoslavia and greater Romania 1923 Assassination of Stambolisky 1929 King Alexander assumes personal rule in Yugoslavia 1938 King Carol assumes personal rule in Romania 1941-5 Hitler dismembers Yugoslavia; partisan struggle 1948 Yugoslavia expelled from Cominform 1960-1 Albania turns from Russia to China 1961-4 Romania distances herself from the Soviet Union 1965 Yugoslav economic reform; Ceausescu to power 1980 Death of Tito 1985 Death of Hoxha
The Northern Plain: Poland
1764-95 Reign of Stanislas Augustus; Polish Enlightenment 1772 First Partition of Poland
1775-88 Permanent Council under Russian aegis 1788-92 Four Year Diet; constitution of 1791 1793 Second Partition of Poland 1794 Kosciuszko insurrection 1795 Third Partition of Poland 1807-13 Napoleonic duchy of Warsaw 1815 Creation of Congress Kingdom 1822 Mickiewicz’s first published poems; Polish
romanticism 1830-1 First Polish revolt 1846 Galician rising 1861 Emancipation of peasants in the Russian empire 1863 Second Polish revolt 1863-1905 Decline of romanticism; formation of political
parties 1886 Beginning of anti-Polish policy in Prussia 1905 Revolution in Russia and congress Poland; limited
constitutionalism 1918 Restoration of Polish independence 1926 Pilsudski’s coup d’état 1939 Hitler invades Poland; Russo-German division of
Poland 1945 Polish state reconstituted 200 kilometres to the west 1956 Polish October; Gomulka comes to power 1970 Worker riots; fall of Gomulka 1976 Worker riots 1980 Workers strike; fall of Gierek; free trade unions-
‘Solidarity’ 1981 Martial law (December); suspension of Solidarity
(dissolved October 1982)
