This chapter revisits the concept of legitimate peripheral participation. In defining a community of practice, Lave and Wenger concede that members will have different interests, make diverse contributions to activity, and hold different viewpoints. The term community does not necessarily imply a well-defined, identifiable group, with socially visible boundaries, but does entail “participation in an activity system about which participants share understandings concerning what they are doing and what that means in their lives and for their communities”. Learners envisage an identity as members of a profession and aspire to it. Meanwhile, they contribute to that community by undertaking various more or less elementary tasks, and in this way they are legitimately participating in the activities of the profession as they learn. Such peripheral participation need not be fixed and formalized. Peripherality suggests that there are multiple, varied, more- or less-engaged and inclusive ways of being located in the fields of participation defined by a community.