ABSTRACT
This chapter argues that doctoral education is a public good and that doctoral candidates should therefore be offered opportunities to work with people outside the academy to become 'public scholars' in a way that revolutionises the outcomes for individuals and their research projects. One of the fears that has emerged during the Covid-19 crisis is that there will be too much focus on researching coronavirus and we will lose much other valuable research in the rush to find treatments or a cure. Critical thinking refers to an analytical, philosophical approach to questioning and critiquing work, whilst the emancipation approach suggests look for the inner motivation in following a research question. The purposes of doctoral education are widely debated; some supervisors still use their early career researchers as sophisticated lab technicians, while others expect their students to go into an academia.
