This conclusion presents some closing thoughts covered in the preceding chapter of this book. This book suggests that political parties, and particularly the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), have been instrumental in keeping women out of politics. Of course, this does not mean that political parties are solely responsible for the low representation of women in Japanese politics. Cultural issues, such as women's reluctance to enter politics, and the social forces at play behind that reluctance, play a significant role. Women in Japan, because of their socialisation into feminine roles, tend to occupy worlds outside this political network and, unless they are somehow connected to someone in that network, they do not have access to the funds required for electoral campaigning. Political parties do not invest enough energy into seeking out women, and quotas would at the very least oblige political parties to try harder to seek out women to run in elections.