ABSTRACT
This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the concepts covered in the preceding chapters of this book. The book explores changing dynamics and uncertainties of the relationship between Africa and the European Union (EU). It acknowledges the role of a rising agency of African actors and how it has been playing to reframe and transform the unequal rules of the game between the two blocs. The book analyses the institutions, rules, norms, narratives and practices that have moulded the behaviour of African actors vis-a-vis their EU counterparts and assesses new opportunities for cooperation between them to tackle global challenges. Since 2015, the AU has increasingly asserted its role as representing pan-African interests in the global arena.
