ABSTRACT
Isotropic scattering and convection were included in an analysis of heat transfer in convergent and divergent channels. Radiation enhances the total heat transfer and speeds up the approach to fully developed flow. Numerical methods are described for solving the radiative transfer and energy equations in participating media when energy transfer modes and/or internal heat sources are present in addition to radiation. Approximate numerical solutions for the flow of a gray absorbing–emitting medium in a parallel-plate channel were discussed by R. Viskanta. The combination of radiation with conduction, convection, and/or temperature-dependent volumetric energy generation provides a very nonlinear energy equation, and some of the standard numerical methods may not work well. The boundary conditions for numerical solution of combined-mode problems are conveniently formulated by writing energy balances on each volume element that is adjacent to a boundary. Scattering is now added to the absorbing and emitting plane layer with heat conduction.
