From a figurational sociological perspective, we address the intertwined dynamic of nationalism, nation-state formation and change, and the uses of sport in these partly unplanned long-term processes. While some nations (whether internationally recognised at the time or not) develop sporting traditions as signs and vehicles of national distinction, others attempt to adopt existing sports and refine national styles of play within more global sports. The functions of sport are also subject to change, as they can serve as sites of contests both between and within nations, but also as opportunities for international solidarity. We examine these contested and contingent processes within a broader nexus of social relations, drawing on the work of the various contributors to this book, as well as theoretical debates on the question of nationalism and nation-statehood.