ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the effects of different contexts i.e., a learner-external factor. It is not difficult to imagine that the opportunities for input, interaction, and instruction will vary in quality and quantity across settings. The setting most often studied is that of the second language (L2) classroom. Much of this chapter is, therefore, dedicated to discussing instructional effects. However, the chapter also focuses on two additional contexts of learning that have figured prominently in second language acquisition (SLA): language learning during study abroad and technology-aided language learning. It explores these different contexts, it is important to keep in mind that one should not seeking to provide a “how to” manual for teachers, software designers, or study abroad program directors. Rather, the focus is on learning that is specific to these environments. A great deal of research has been carried out in US-based intensive English programs, which might be considered a kind of hybrid of study abroad and classroom-based learning.
