ABSTRACT
Romania was until the end of 1989 a socialist country with a dominant MarxistLeninist ideology which since mid-1970 has a specific national form embodied in the concept of a "multilaterally developed socialist society" (societate socialista multilateral dezvoltata). The Romanian educational model puts strong emphasis on the close relation of higher education to manpower needs. and on ideological concerns, particularly the formation of a "socialist/working intelligentsia." This form of higher education. seeing education, research, and production as a unitary process. has existed in Romania since the late 1960s. As this chapter goes to press. the direction of Romanian higher education in the newly established non-Communist republic is unclear, although significant change is likely.
