This chapter examines the history and implementation of the sex offender registry laws in the U.S. and other countries. It also addresses what we know so far about the collateral consequences caused by such laws for registrants, those associated with them (family and friends), law enforcement agencies, and society. We also examine labeling and modified labeling theories as to their application to those convicted of a sex crime, and whether they can overcome such indignation from society. Finally, we cover where empirical research has been, its current direction, and where it needs to go to move forward on this issue.