This chapter provides chemical and biological means for controlling pests. It proposes the different actors involved in the discovery and development of new crop protection products, and the market for them, and explores which crop protection products comprise of or are derived from genetic resources. The chapter reviews which organisations are involved in collecting genetic resources from in situ conditions, and how they can acquire genetic resources held in ex situ collections in private and public sectors. It also explores practice in benefit-sharing in the crop protection sector, with sections on monetary and non-monetary benefits that arise from use of genetic resources for crop protection. The chapter examines the process for developing a new crop protection product. It distinguishes between two categories of product: chemical pesticides and biocontrol agents. The benefits shared in crop protection agreements tend to be monetary only, unless the provider and receiver of genetic resources are collaborating on a joint programme of research and development.