This chapter examines current research addressing the interplay between culture, transgender identity, and mental health. It provides a brief overview of terminology and population size estimates followed by an overview of transphobia and its contributory role in creating stressors that may negatively impact mental health. Gender queer and non-binary are terms used to denote a variety of identities, including those that fall between or outside of the traditional male-female binary spectrum, actively fluctuate between male and female, or reject gender as an identity. Transphobia is a problem often experienced by transgender or gender diverse (TGD) individuals. It is also manifested through laws and regulations that perpetuate discrimination. For TGD individuals, this internalized transphobia can be directed inward, towards the self, or outward, towards other TGD people. The prevalence of physical and psychological abuse as well as psychological distress related to romantic partnerships has been linked to elevated depression rates.