Although much has been written on China in Africa, this has mainly been at the macro level of economics and international relations. Chinese organizations are important in terms of employment, community development, and ultimately in their implications for Africa’s future development. Yet little is known about their internal dynamics, how they are managed, the nature of employment, and how they interact with local communities and other stakeholders. In addition, there has been little theorizing about how we should examine the Chinese presence in Africa at the organizational level. Much of international management theory is based on West–East, or North–South relations and is predominantly informed by modernization theory. The implications to international management theory of China in the world bear critical examination. Therefore, this chapter sets the scene, as it reviews the latest research in this area as well as setting forth a research agenda and laying the foundations for many of the subsequent chapters.