This chapte looks at some of the motives behind nation-state cybercrimes, including generating funds, commercial espionage, infrastructure attacks, and advancing strategic interests. It then ties those concepts into various cyber actions. The chapter examines a range of cybercrime activities engaged in by nations to target this country that have been exposed through investigations, prosecutions, and media reports. Nation-states and terrorists conduct a range of cyber activities, from familiar forms of cybercrime to espionage and covert actions, any of which might be detected by private or public cybercrime investigators. One of the cyber incidents instigated against another nation occurred in 2007 when Estonia was hit with a series of devastating cyberattacks. The impetus for the attacks was Estonia’s decision to move a Soviet-Era war memorial from central Tallinn to a less prominent location. Legal action for damages against other nations is restricted by the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act.